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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)
☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016
Or
 
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number: 0-21238

 

Landstar System, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 
 	 	 	
Delaware	 	06-1313069	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
 	 	
13410 Sutton Park Drive South	 	32224	
Jacksonville, Florida	 	(Zip Code)	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	 	
(904) 398-9400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	 	Name of Exchange on Which Registered	
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value	 	The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc.	
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files):    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	 	☒	  	Accelerated filer	 	☐	
 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	 	☐	  	Smaller reporting company	 	☐	
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $2,790,433,000 (based on the per share closing price on June 25, 2016, the last business day of the Company’s second fiscal quarter, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market). In making this calculation, the registrant has assumed, without admitting for any purpose, that all directors and executive officers of the registrant, and no other persons, are affiliates.
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), outstanding as of the close of business on January 27, 2017 was 41,839,818.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the following document are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K as indicated herein:

Document	  	Part of 10-K
Into Which Incorporated	
Proxy Statement relating to Landstar System, Inc.’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on May 23, 2017	  	Part III	

 

Table of Contents
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC.
2016 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	 	 	  	Page	 	
PART I	  	
 	 	 	
Item 1.	 	Business	  	 	3	  	
Item 1A.	 	Risk Factors	  	 	9	  	
Item 1B.	 	Unresolved Staff Comments	  	 	14	  	
Item 2.	 	Properties	  	 	14	  	
Item 3.	 	Legal Proceedings	  	 	14	  	
Item 4.	 	Mine Safety Disclosures	  	 	15	  	
 	
PART II	  	
 	 	 	
Item 5.	 	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	  	 	16	  	
Item 6.	 	Selected Financial Data	  	 	19	  	
Item 7.	 	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	 	19	  	
Item 7A.	 	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	  	 	31	  	
Item 8.	 	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	  	 	32	  	
Item 9.	 	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	  	 	53	  	
Item 9A.	 	Controls and Procedures	  	 	53	  	
Item 9B.	 	Other Information	  	 	55	  	
 	
PART III	  	
 	 	 	
Item 10.	 	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	  	 	56	  	
Item 11.	 	Executive Compensation	  	 	56	  	
Item 12.	 	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	  	 	56	  	
Item 13.	 	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	  	 	56	  	
Item 14.	 	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	  	 	56	  	
 	
PART IV	  	
 	 	 	
Item 15.	 	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	  	 	57	  	
Signatures	  	 	60	  	
 	 	
EX – 31.1 Section 302 CEO Certification	  	 	 	 	
EX – 31.2 Section 302 CFO Certification	  	 	 	 	
EX – 32.1 Section 906 CEO Certification	  	 	 	 	
EX – 32.2 Section 906 CFO Certification	  	 	 	 	
 
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PART I
 
Item 1.	Business	
General
Landstar System, Inc. was incorporated in January 1991 under the laws of the State of Delaware. It acquired all of the capital stock of its predecessor, Landstar System Holdings, Inc. (“LSHI”) on March 28, 1991. Landstar System, Inc. has been a publicly held company since its initial public offering in March 1993. LSHI owns directly or indirectly all of the common stock of Landstar Ranger, Inc. (“Landstar Ranger”), Landstar Inway, Inc. (“Landstar Inway”), Landstar Ligon, Inc. (“Landstar Ligon”), Landstar Gemini, Inc. (“Landstar Gemini”), Landstar Transportation Logistics, Inc. (“Landstar Transportation Logistics”), Landstar Global Logistics, Inc. (“Landstar Global Logistics”), Landstar Express America, Inc. (“Landstar Express America”), Landstar Canada Holdings, Inc. (“LCHI”), Landstar Canada, Inc. (“Landstar Canada”), Landstar Contractor Financing, Inc. (“LCFI”), Risk Management Claim Services, Inc. (“RMCS”) and Signature Insurance Company (“Signature”). Landstar Ranger, Landstar Inway, Landstar Ligon, Landstar Gemini, Landstar Transportation Logistics, Landstar Global Logistics, Landstar Express America and Landstar Canada are collectively herein referred to as Landstar’s “Operating Subsidiaries.” Landstar System, Inc., LSHI, LCFI, RMCS, LCHI, Signature and the Operating Subsidiaries are collectively referred to herein as “Landstar” or the “Company,” unless the context otherwise requires. The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 13410 Sutton Park Drive South, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 and its telephone number is (904) 398-9400. The Company makes available free of charge through its website its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, proxy and current reports on Form 8-K as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Company’s website is www.landstar.com. You may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 E. Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reading Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains the Company’s current and periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information filed electronically with the SEC.
On December 28, 2013, the Company completed the sale of Landstar Supply Chain Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation, including its wholly owned subsidiary, Landstar Supply Chain Solutions LLC (collectively, “LSCS”), to XPO Logistics, Inc. (“XPO”). The gain on the sale of LSCS and the operating results of LSCS for fiscal years 2013 and 2012 have been reclassified herein to discontinued operations.
Description of Business
Landstar is a worldwide asset-light provider of integrated transportation management solutions. The Company offers services to its customers across multiple transportation modes, with the ability to arrange for individual shipments of freight to enterprise-wide solutions to manage all of a customer’s transportation needs. Landstar provides services principally throughout the United States and to a lesser extent in Canada, and between the United States and Canada, Mexico and other countries around the world. The Company’s services emphasize safety, information coordination and customer service and are delivered through a network of independent commission sales agents and third party capacity providers linked together by a series of technological applications which are provided and coordinated by the Company. The nature of the Company’s business is such that a significant portion of its operating costs varies directly with revenue.
Landstar markets its integrated transportation management solutions primarily through independent commission sales agents and exclusively utilizes third party capacity providers to transport customers’ freight. Landstar’s independent commission sales agents enter into contractual arrangements with the Company and are responsible for locating freight, making that freight available to Landstar’s capacity providers and coordinating the transportation of the freight with customers and capacity providers. The Company’s third party capacity providers consist of independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”), unrelated trucking companies who provide truck capacity to the Company under non-exclusive contractual arrangements (the “Truck Brokerage Carriers”), air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and railroads. Through this network of agents and capacity providers linked together by Landstar’s information technology systems, Landstar operates an integrated transportation management solutions business primarily throughout North America with revenue of $3.2 billion during the most recently completed fiscal year. The Company reports the results of two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment.
 
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Transportation Logistics Segment
The transportation logistics segment provides a wide range of integrated transportation management solutions. Transportation services offered by the Company include truckload and less-than-truckload transportation, rail intermodal, air cargo, ocean cargo, expedited ground and air delivery of time-critical freight, heavy-haul/specialized, U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico cross-border, project cargo and customs brokerage. Examples of the industries serviced by the transportation logistics segment include automotive products, building products, metals, chemicals, foodstuffs, heavy machinery, retail, electronics, ammunition and explosives and military equipment. In addition, the transportation logistics segment provides transportation services to other transportation companies, including third party logistics and less-than-truckload service providers. Each of the independent commission sales agents has the opportunity to market all of the services provided by the transportation logistics segment. Billings for freight transportation services are typically charged to customers on a per shipment basis for the physical transportation of freight and are referred to as transportation revenue. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for the amount of revenue from external customers, measure of profit and total assets attributable to the transportation logistics segment for the last three fiscal years.
Truck Services. The transportation logistics segment’s truck transportation services include a full array of truckload transportation for a wide range of commodities and, to a lesser degree, less-than-truckload transportation services. A significant portion of the Company’s truckload services are delivered in the spot market over irregular or non-repetitive routes, while approximately 32% of the Company’s fiscal year 2016 truck transportation revenue was provided utilizing Landstar provided trailing equipment, which frequently are used on more routine, regular routes. The Company utilizes a broad assortment of equipment, including dry and specialty vans of various sizes, unsided/platform trailers (including flatbeds, drop decks and specialty trailers), temperature-controlled vans and containers. Available truck transportation services also include short-to-long haul movement of containers by truck and expedited ground and dedicated power-only truck capacity. During fiscal year 2016, revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors and Truck Brokerage Carriers was 47% and 46%, respectively, of consolidated revenue. Also, during fiscal year 2016, truck transportation revenue generated via van equipment and unsided/platform trailing equipment was 65% and 33%, respectively, of truck transportation revenue and less-than-truckload revenue was 3% of truck transportation revenue. The Company’s truck services contributed 93% of consolidated revenue in each of fiscal years 2016 and 2015 and 94% of consolidated revenue in fiscal year 2014.
Rail Intermodal Services. The transportation logistics segment has contracts with Class 1 domestic and Canadian railroads, certain short-line railroads and most major asset-based intermodal equipment providers, including agreements with stacktrain operators and container and trailing equipment companies. In addition, the transportation logistics segment has contracts with a vast network of local trucking companies that handle pick-up and delivery of rail freight. These contracts provide the transportation logistics segment the ability to transport freight via rail throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. The transportation logistics segment’s rail intermodal service capabilities include trailer on flat car, container on flat car, box car and railcar. The transportation logistics segment’s rail intermodal services contributed 3% of consolidated revenue in each of fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Air and Ocean Services. The transportation logistics segment provides domestic and international air services and ocean services to its customers. The Company executes international air freight transportation as an International Air Transport Association (IATA) certified Indirect Air Carrier (IAC) and international ocean freight transportation as an Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) licensed by the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) as a non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) and ocean freight forwarder. Through its network of independent commission sales agents, relationships within a global network of foreign freight forwarders and contracts with a number of airlines and ocean lines, the transportation logistics segment provides efficient and cost effective door-to-door transportation to most points in the world for a vast array of cargo types such as over-sized break bulk, consolidations, full container loads and refrigerated freight. The transportation logistics segment’s air and ocean services contributed 2% of consolidated revenue in fiscal year 2016, 3% of consolidated revenue in fiscal year 2015 and 2% of consolidated revenue in fiscal year 2014.
Insurance Segment
The insurance segment is comprised of Signature, a wholly owned offshore insurance subsidiary, and RMCS. This segment provides risk and claims management services to certain of Landstar’s Operating Subsidiaries. In addition, it reinsures certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors and provides certain property and casualty insurance directly to certain of Landstar’s Operating Subsidiaries. Revenue at the insurance segment represents reinsurance premiums from third party insurance companies that provide insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors where all or a portion of the risk of loss is ultimately borne by Signature. Revenue at the insurance segment represented approximately 1% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in each of fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for the amount of revenue from external customers, measure of profit and total assets attributable to the insurance segment for the last three fiscal years.
 
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Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations
Management believes the following factors are particularly significant to the Company’s operations:
Agent Network
The Company’s primary day-to-day contact with its customers is through its network of independent commission sales agents and, to a lesser extent, through employees of the Company. The typical Landstar independent commission sales agent maintains a relationship with a number of shippers and services these shippers utilizing the Company’s information technology systems and the various modes of transportation made available through the Company’s network of third party capacity providers. The Company provides assistance to the agents in developing additional relationships with shippers and enhancing agent and Company relationships with larger shippers through the Company’s field employees, located throughout the United States and Canada. The Operating Subsidiaries provide programs to support the agents’ operations and provide guidance on establishing pricing parameters for freight hauled by the various modes of transportation available to the agents. It is important to note that the Operating Subsidiaries, and not the Company’s agents, contract directly with customers and generally assume the related credit risk and potential liability for freight losses or damages when the Company is providing transportation services as a motor carrier.
Management believes the Company has more independent commission sales agents than any other asset-light integrated transportation management solutions company in the United States. Landstar’s vast network of independent commission sales agent locations provides the Company regular contact with shippers at the local level and the capability to be highly responsive to shippers’ changing needs. The Company’s large fleet of available capacity provides the agent network the resources needed to service both large and small shippers. Through its agent network, the Company offers smaller shippers a level of service comparable to that typically enjoyed only by larger customers. Examples include the ability to provide transportation services on short notice, multiple pick-up and delivery points, electronic data interchange capability and access to specialized equipment. In addition, a number of the Company’s agents specialize in certain types of freight and transportation services (such as oversized or heavy loads and/or rail, air and international freight transportation). Each independent commission sales agent has the opportunity to market all of the services provided by the transportation logistics segment.
The independent commission sales agents use a variety of proprietary and third party information technology applications provided by the Company to service the requirements of shippers. For truckload services, the Company’s independent commission sales agents use Landstar proprietary software which enables agents to enter available freight, dispatch capacity and process most administrative procedures and then communicate that information to Landstar and its capacity providers via the internet. The Company’s web-based available truck information system provides a listing of available truck capacity to the Company’s independent commission sales agents. For modes of transportation other than truckload, the independent commission sales agents utilize both proprietary and third party information technology applications provided by the Company.
Commissions to agents are based on contractually agreed-upon percentages of revenue or net revenue, defined as revenue less the cost of purchased transportation, or net revenue less a contractually agreed upon percentage of revenue retained by Landstar. Commissions to agents as a percentage of consolidated revenue will vary directly with fluctuations in the percentage of consolidated revenue generated by the various modes of transportation and reinsurance premiums and with changes in net revenue margin, defined as net revenue divided by revenue, on services provided by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads, air cargo carriers and ocean cargo carriers. Commissions to agents are recognized upon the completion of freight delivery.
The Company had 502 and 512 agents who each generated at least $1 million in Landstar revenue during fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively, (the “Million Dollar Agents”). Landstar revenue from the Million Dollar Agents in the aggregate represented 92% of consolidated revenue in both fiscal years 2016 and 2015. Annually, the Company has experienced very few terminations of its Million Dollar Agents, whether such terminations are initiated by the agent or the Company. Annual terminations of Million Dollar Agents are typically 3% or less of the total number of Million Dollar Agents. Management believes that the majority of the Million Dollar Agents choose to represent the Company exclusively.
Third Party Capacity
The Company relies exclusively on independent third parties for its hauling capacity other than for trailing equipment owned or leased by the Company and utilized primarily by the BCO Independent Contractors. These third party transportation capacity providers consist of BCO Independent Contractors, Truck Brokerage Carriers, air and ocean cargo carriers and railroads.
 
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Landstar’s use of capacity provided by third parties allows it to maintain a lower level of capital investment, resulting in lower fixed costs. During fiscal year 2016, revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors, Truck Brokerage Carriers and railroads represented approximately 47%, 46% and 3%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated revenue. Historically, with the exception of 2015, annual revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors has exceeded annual revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers. Collectively, revenue generated by air and ocean cargo carriers represented approximately 2% of the Company’s consolidated revenue during fiscal year 2016. Historically, the gross profit margin (defined as gross profit, which is defined as revenue less the cost of purchased transportation and commissions to agents, divided by revenue) generated from freight hauled by BCO Independent Contractors has been greater than that from freight hauled by other third party capacity providers. However, the Company’s insurance and claims costs, depreciation costs and other operating costs are incurred primarily in support of BCO Independent Contractor capacity. In addition, as further described in the “Corporate Services” section that follows, the Company incurs significantly higher selling, general and administrative costs in support of BCO Independent Contractor capacity as compared to the other modes of transportation. Purchased transportation costs are recognized upon the completion of freight delivery.
BCO Independent Contractors. Management believes the Company has the largest fleet of truckload BCO Independent Contractors in the United States. BCO Independent Contractors provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements. Each BCO Independent Contractor operates under the motor carrier operating authority issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation (“DOT”) to Landstar’s Operating Subsidiary to which such BCO Independent Contractor provides services and has leased his or her equipment. The Company’s network of BCO Independent Contractors provides marketing, operating, safety, recruiting and retention advantages to the Company.
The Company’s BCO Independent Contractors are compensated primarily based on a contractually agreed-upon percentage of revenue generated by loads they haul. This percentage generally ranges from 62% to 73% where the BCO Independent Contractor provides only a tractor and 72% to 77% where the BCO Independent Contractor provides both a tractor and trailing equipment. The BCO Independent Contractor must pay substantially all of the expenses of operating his/her equipment, including driver wages and benefits, fuel, physical damage insurance, maintenance, highway use taxes and debt service, if applicable. The Company passes 100% of fuel surcharges billed to customers for freight hauled by BCO Independent Contractors to its BCO Independent Contractors. During fiscal year 2016, the Company billed customers $129.7 million in fuel surcharges and passed 100% of such fuel surcharges to the BCO Independent Contractors. These fuel surcharges are excluded from revenue and the cost of purchased transportation.
The Company maintains internet-based applications for mobile and desktop devices through which BCO Independent Contractors can view a comprehensive listing of the Company’s available freight, allowing them to consider rate, size, origin and destination when planning trips. The Landstar Contractors’ Advantage Purchasing Program (LCAPP) leverages Landstar’s purchasing power to provide discounts to eligible BCO Independent Contractors when they purchase equipment, fuel, tires and other items. In addition, LCFI provides a source of funds at competitive interest rates to the BCO Independent Contractors to purchase primarily trailing equipment.
The number of trucks provided to the Company by BCO Independent Contractors was 9,439 at December 31, 2016, compared to 9,500 at December 26, 2015. At December 31, 2016, 98% of the trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors were provided by BCO Independent Contractors who provided five or fewer trucks to the Company. The number of trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors fluctuates daily as a result of truck recruiting and truck terminations. More trucks were recruited in fiscal year 2016 than in fiscal year 2015 but trucks terminated were higher in fiscal year 2016 than in fiscal year 2015, resulting in an overall net decrease of 61 trucks during fiscal year 2016. Landstar’s BCO Independent Contractor truck turnover was approximately 35% in fiscal year 2016 compared to 25% in fiscal year 2015. Approximately 45% of 2016 turnover was attributable to BCO Independent Contractors who had been with the Company for less than one year. Management believes that factors that have historically favorably impacted turnover include the Company’s extensive agent network, the quality of available freight, the Company’s programs to reduce the operating costs of its BCO Independent Contractors and Landstar’s reputation for quality, service, reliability and financial strength.
Truck Brokerage Carriers. At December 31, 2016, the Company maintained a database of over 47,000 approved Truck Brokerage Carriers who provide truck capacity to the Company. Truck Brokerage Carriers provide truck capacity to the Company under non-exclusive contractual arrangements and each operates under its own DOT-issued motor carrier operating authority. Truck Brokerage Carriers are paid either a negotiated rate for each load hauled or, to a lesser extent, a contractually agreed-upon fixed rate per load. The Company recruits, approves, establishes contracts with and tracks safety ratings and service records of these third party trucking companies. In addition to providing additional capacity to the Company, the use of Truck Brokerage
 
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Carriers enables the Company to pursue different types and quality of freight such as temperature-controlled, short-haul traffic and less-than-truckload and, in certain instances, lower-priced freight that generally would not be handled by the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors.
The Company maintains an internet site through which Truck Brokerage Carriers can view a listing of the Company’s freight that is available to them to be hauled. The Landstar Savings Plus Program leverages Landstar’s purchasing power to provide discounts to eligible Truck Brokerage Carriers when they purchase fuel and equipment and provides the Truck Brokerage Carriers with an electronic payment option.
Railroads and Air and Ocean Cargo Carriers. The Company has contracts with Class 1 domestic and Canadian railroads, certain short-line railroads and domestic and international airlines and ocean lines. These relationships allow the Company to pursue the freight best serviced by these forms of transportation capacity. Railroads are paid either a negotiated rate for each load hauled or a contractually agreed-upon fixed rate per load. Air cargo carriers are generally paid a negotiated rate for each load hauled. Ocean cargo carriers are generally paid contractually agreed-upon fixed rates per load. The Company also contracts with other third party capacity providers, such as air charter service providers, when required by specific customer needs.
Trailing Equipment
The Company offers its customers a large and diverse fleet of trailing equipment. The following table illustrates the mix of the trailing equipment as of December 31, 2016, either provided by the BCO Independent Contractors or owned or leased by the Company and made available primarily to BCO Independent Contractors. In general, Truck Brokerage Carriers utilize their own trailing equipment when providing transportation services on behalf of Landstar. Truck Brokerage Carrier trailing equipment is not included in the following table:

Trailers by Type	  	 	 	
Van	  	 	12,014	  	
Unsided/platform, including flatbeds, step decks, drop decks and low boys	  	 	3,043	  	
Temperature-controlled	  	 	113	  	
 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	15,170	  	
 	  	 	 	 	
Specialized services offered by the Company include those provided by a large fleet of flatbed trailers and multi-axle trailers capable of hauling extremely heavy or oversized loads. Management believes the Company, along with its network of capacity providers, offers the largest fleet of heavy/specialized trailing equipment in the United States.
At December 31, 2016, 11,066 of the trailers available to the BCO Independent Contractors were owned by the Company and 239 were leased. In addition, at December 31, 2016, 3,865 trailers were provided by the BCO Independent Contractors. Approximately 32% of Landstar’s truck transportation revenue was generated on Landstar provided trailing equipment during fiscal year 2016.
Customers
The Company’s customer base is highly diversified and dispersed across many industries, commodities and geographic regions. The Company’s top 100 customers accounted for approximately 42% and 44%, respectively, of consolidated revenue during fiscal years 2016 and 2015. Management believes that the Company’s overall size, technological applications, geographic coverage, access to equipment and diverse service capability offer the Company significant competitive marketing and operating advantages. These advantages allow the Company to meet the needs of even the largest shippers. Larger shippers often consider reducing the number of authorized carriers they use in favor of a small number of “core carriers,” such as the Company, whose size and diverse service capabilities enable these core carriers to satisfy most of the shippers’ transportation needs. The Company’s national account customers include the United States Department of Defense and many of the companies included in the Fortune 500. Large shippers are also using third party logistics providers (“3PLs”) to outsource the management and coordination of their transportation needs. 3PLs and other transportation companies also utilize the Company’s available transportation capacity to satisfy their obligations to their shippers. There were eight transportation service providers, including 3PLs, included in the Company’s top 25 customers for the fiscal year 2016. Management believes the Company’s network of agents and third party capacity providers allows it to efficiently attract and service smaller shippers which may not be as desirable to other large transportation providers (see above under “Agent Network”). No customer accounted for more than 3% of the Company’s 2016 revenue.
 
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Technology
Management believes leadership in the development and application of information technology systems is an ongoing part of providing high quality service. Landstar focuses on providing integrated transportation management solutions which emphasize customer service and information coordination among its independent commission sales agents, customers, capacity providers and employees. The Company continues to focus on identifying, purchasing or developing and implementing software applications which are designed to improve its operational and administrative efficiency, assist its independent commission sales agents in efficiently sourcing capacity and pricing transportation services, assist customers in meeting their transportation needs and assist its third party capacity providers in identifying desirable freight. Landstar intends to continue to improve its technologies to meet the total needs of its agents, customers and third party capacity providers. Landstar is currently underway in a multi-year project aimed at increasing efficiencies, primarily through technology, at both Landstar and across all of our agent offices.
The Company’s information technology systems used in connection with its operations are located in Jacksonville, Florida and, to a lesser extent, in Rockford, Illinois. In addition, the Company utilizes several third party data centers throughout the U.S. Landstar relies, in the regular course of its business, on the proper operation of its information technology systems.
Corporate Services
The Company provides many administrative support services to its network of independent commission sales agents, third party capacity providers and customers. Management believes that the technological applications purchased or developed and maintained by the Company and its administrative support services provide operational and financial advantages to its independent commission sales agents, third party capacity providers and customers. These, in turn, enhance the operational and financial efficiency of all aspects of the network.
Administrative support services that provide operational and financial advantages to the network include customer contract administration, customer credit review and approvals, sales administration and pricing, customer billing, accounts receivable collections, third party capacity settlement, safety and operator and equipment compliance management, insurance claims handling, coordination of vendor discount programs and third party capacity quality programs. Marketing and advertising strategies are also provided by the Company. The Company’s practices of accepting customer credit risk and paying its agents and carriers promptly provides a significant competitive advantage to the Company in comparison to less capitalized competitors.
Competition
Landstar competes primarily in the transportation and logistics services industry with truckload carriers, third party logistics companies, intermodal transportation and logistics service providers, railroads, less-than-truckload carriers and other asset-light transportation and logistics service providers. The transportation and logistics services industry is extremely competitive and fragmented.
Management believes that competition for freight transported by the Company is based on service, efficiency and freight rates, which are influenced significantly by the economic environment, particularly the amount of available transportation capacity and freight demand. Management believes that Landstar’s overall size and availability of a wide range of equipment, together with its geographically dispersed local independent agent network and wide range of service offerings, present the Company with significant competitive advantages over many transportation and logistics service providers.
Self-Insured Claims
Potential liability associated with accidents in the trucking industry is severe and occurrences are unpredictable. For commercial trucking claims, Landstar retains liability up to $5,000,000 per occurrence. In addition, for commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2016 through April 30, 2017, the Company retains liability up to an additional $700,000 in the aggregate on any claims exceeding its $5,000,000 per occurrence self-insured retention. The Company also retains liability of up to $1,000,000 for each general liability claim, up to $250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and up to $250,000 for each cargo claim. The Company’s exposure to liability associated with accidents incurred by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads and air and ocean cargo carriers who transport freight on behalf of the Company is reduced by various factors including the extent to which such carriers maintain their own insurance coverage. A material increase in the frequency or severity of accidents, cargo claims or workers’ compensation claims or the material unfavorable development of existing claims could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.
 
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Regulation
Certain of the Operating Subsidiaries are considered motor carriers and/or brokers authorized to arrange for transportation services by motor carriers which are regulated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (the “FMCSA”) and by various state agencies. The FMCSA has broad regulatory powers with respect to activities such as motor carrier operations, practices, periodic financial reporting and insurance. Subject to federal and state regulatory authorities or regulation, the Company’s capacity providers may transport most types of freight to and from any point in the United States over any route selected.
Interstate motor carrier operations are subject to safety requirements prescribed by the FMCSA. Each driver, whether a BCO Independent Contractor or Truck Brokerage Carrier, is required to have a commercial driver’s license and may be subject to mandatory drug and alcohol testing. The FMCSA’s commercial driver’s license and drug and alcohol testing requirements have not adversely affected the Company’s ability to source the capacity necessary to meet its customers’ transportation needs.
In addition, certain of the Operating Subsidiaries are licensed as Ocean Transportation Intermediaries by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission as non-vessel-operating common carriers and/or as ocean freight forwarders. The Company’s air transportation activities in the United States are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation as an indirect air carrier. One of the Operating Subsidiaries is licensed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security through the Bureau of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“U.S. Customs”) as a customs broker. The Company is also subject to regulations and requirements relating to safety and security promulgated by, among others, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security through U.S. Customs and the Transportation Security Administration, the Canada Border Services Agency and various state and local agencies and port authorities.
The transportation industry is subject to other potential regulatory and legislative changes (such as the possibility of more stringent environmental, climate change and/or safety/security regulations, limits on vehicle weight and size and a mandate to implement electronic logging devices) that may affect the economics of the industry by requiring changes in operating practices or by changing the demand for motor carrier services or the cost of providing truckload or other transportation or logistics services.
In addition, because the U.S. government is one of the Company’s customers, the Company must comply with and is affected by laws and regulations relating to doing business with the federal government.
Seasonality
Landstar’s operations are subject to seasonal trends common to the trucking industry. Results of operations for the quarter ending in March are typically lower than for the quarters ending in June, September and December.
Employees
As of December 31, 2016, the Company and its subsidiaries employed 1,197 individuals. Approximately five Landstar Ranger drivers (out of a Company total of approximately 9,439 drivers for BCO Independent Contractors) are members of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. The Company considers relations with its employees to be good.
 
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	
Increased severity or frequency of accidents and other claims or a material unfavorable development of existing claims.  As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Self-Insured Claims,” potential liability associated with accidents in the trucking industry is severe and occurrences are unpredictable. For commercial trucking claims, Landstar retains liability up to $5,000,000 per occurrence. In addition, for commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2016 through April 30, 2017, the Company retains liability up to an additional $700,000 in the aggregate on any claims exceeding its $5,000,000 per occurrence self-insured retention. The Company also retains liability of up to $1,000,000 for each general liability claim, up to $250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and up to $250,000 for each cargo claim. The Company’s exposure to liability associated with accidents incurred by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads and air and ocean cargo carriers who transport freight on behalf of the Company is reduced by various factors including the extent to which such carriers maintain their own insurance coverage. A material increase in the frequency or severity of accidents, cargo claims or workers’ compensation claims or the material unfavorable development of existing claims could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.
 
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Dependence on third party insurance companies. The Company is dependent on a limited number of third party insurance companies to provide insurance coverage in excess of its self-insured retention amounts. Historically, the Company has maintained insurance coverage for commercial trucking claims in excess of specific per occurrence limits, up to various maximum amounts, with a limited number of third party insurance companies. In an attempt to manage the cost of insurance and claims, the Company has historically increased or decreased the level of its financial exposure to commercial trucking claims on a per occurrence basis by increasing or decreasing its level of self-insured retention based on the estimated cost differential between proposed premiums from third party insurance companies and historical losses experienced by the Company at various levels of self-insured retention. To the extent that the third party insurance companies propose increases to their premiums for coverage of commercial trucking claims, the Company may pay such increased premiums or increase its financial exposure on an aggregate or per occurrence basis, including by increasing the amount of its self-insured retention. In fact, in 2016, two of the largest third party insurers providing excess coverage for commercial trucking claims in the United States announced that in light of increased severity trends related to the increase in losses attributable to unfavorable verdicts, they would no longer provide such coverage. This decision by these two third party insurers had a significant negative impact on the availability and pricing of excess coverage for commercial trucking claims in the United States. No assurances can be given that other third party insurers will not also decide to exit the market as a provider of excess coverage for commercial trucking claims in the United States, which could have a further negative effect on the availability and pricing of such coverage. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that insurance coverage from third party insurers for claims in excess of the Company’s current $5 million self-insured retention will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms.
Dependence on independent commission sales agents. As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Agent Network,” the Company markets its services primarily through independent commission sales agents. During fiscal year 2016, 502 agents generated revenue for Landstar of at least $1 million each (the “Million Dollar Agents”), or in the aggregate approximately 92% of Landstar’s consolidated revenue. Landstar competes with motor carriers and other third parties for the services of these independent commission sales agents. Landstar has historically experienced very limited agent turnover in the number of its Million Dollar Agents. There can be no assurances, however, that Landstar will continue to experience very limited turnover of its Million Dollar Agents in the future. Landstar’s contracts with its agents, including its Million Dollar Agents, are typically terminable without cause upon 10 to 30 days’ notice by either party and generally contain significant but not unqualified non-compete provisions limiting the ability of a former agent to compete with Landstar for a specified period of time post-termination, and other restrictive covenants. The loss of some of the Company’s Million Dollar Agents and/or a significant decrease in revenue generated by Million Dollar Agents could have a material adverse effect on Landstar, including its results of operations and revenue.
Dependence on third party capacity providers. As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Transportation Capacity,” Landstar does not own trucks or other transportation equipment (other than trailing equipment) and relies on third party capacity providers, including BCO Independent Contractors, Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads and air and ocean cargo carriers, to transport freight for its customers. The Company competes with motor carriers and other third parties for the services of BCO Independent Contractors and other third party capacity providers. The market for qualified truck owner-operators and other third party truck capacity providers is very competitive among motor carriers and no assurances can be given that the Company will be able to maintain or expand the number of BCO Independent Contractors or other third party truck capacity providers. Additionally, the Company’s third party capacity providers other than BCO Independent Contractors can be expected, under certain circumstances, to charge higher prices to cover increased operating expenses, such as any increases in the cost of fuel, and the Company’s operating income may decline without a corresponding increase in price to the customer. A significant decrease in available capacity provided by either the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors or other third party capacity providers, or increased rates charged by other third party capacity providers that cannot be passed through to customers, could have a material adverse effect on Landstar, including its results of operations and revenue.
Decreased demand for transportation services; U.S. trade relationships. The transportation industry historically has experienced cyclical financial results as a result of slowdowns in economic activity, the business cycles of customers, and other economic factors beyond Landstar’s control. If a slowdown in economic activity or a downturn in the Company’s customers’ business cycles cause a reduction in the volume of freight shipped by those customers, the Company’s operating results could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, Landstar hauls a significant number of shipments that have either been imported into the United States or are destined for export from the United States. In light of the 2016 presidential and congressional election results in the United States, any decision by the U.S. government to adopt actions such as a border tax on imports, an increase in customs duties, the
 
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renegotiation of U.S. trade agreements or any other action that could have a negative impact on international trade could cause a reduction in the volume of freight shipped by many Landstar customers. Any changes in tax and trade policies in the United States and corresponding actions by other countries could adversely affect our financial performance.
Substantial industry competition. As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Competition,” Landstar competes primarily in the transportation and logistics services industry. This industry is extremely competitive and fragmented. Landstar competes primarily with truckload carriers, intermodal transportation service providers, railroads, less-than-truckload carriers, third party logistics companies and other asset-light transportation and logistics service providers. Management believes that competition for the freight transported by the Company is based on service, efficiency and freight rates, which are influenced significantly by the economic environment, particularly the amount of available transportation capacity and freight demand. Historically, competition has created downward pressure on freight rates. In addition, many large shippers are using third party logistics providers (“3PLs”) other than the Company to outsource the management and coordination of their transportation needs rather than directly arranging for transportation services with carriers. As noted above, there were eight transportation service providers, including 3PLs, included in the Company’s top 25 customers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Usage by large shippers of 3PLs often provides carriers, such as the Company, with a less direct relationship with the shipper and, as a result, may increase pressure on freight rates while making it more difficult for the Company to compete primarily based on service and efficiency. A decrease in freight rates could have a material adverse effect on Landstar, including its revenue and operating income.
Status of independent contractors. In recent years, the topic of the classification of individuals as employees or independent contractors has gained increased attention among federal and state regulators as well as the plaintiffs’ bar. Various legislative or regulatory proposals have been introduced at the federal and state levels that may affect the classification status of individuals as independent contractors or employees for either employment tax purposes (withholding, social security, Medicare and unemployment taxes) or other benefits available to employees (most notably, workers’ compensation benefits). Recently, certain states (most prominently, California) have seen significant increased activity by tax and other regulators and numerous class action lawsuits filed against transportation companies that engage independent contractors.
There are many different tests and standards that may apply to the determination of whether a relationship is that of an independent contractor or one of employment. For example, different standards may be applied by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the National Labor Relations Board, state unemployment agencies, state departments of labor, state taxing authorities, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, state discrimination or disability benefit administrators and state workers compensation boards, among others. For federal tax purposes, most individuals are classified as employees or independent contractors based on a multi-factor “common-law” analysis rather than any definition found in the Internal Revenue Code or Internal Revenue Service regulations. In addition, under Section 530 of the Revenue Act of 1978, a taxpayer that meets certain criteria may treat an individual as an independent contractor for employment tax purposes if the taxpayer has been audited without being told to treat similarly situated workers as employees, if the taxpayer has received a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or a court decision affirming the taxpayer’s treatment of the individual as an independent contractor, or if the taxpayer is following a long-standing recognized practice.
The Company classifies its BCO Independent Contractors and independent commission sales agents as independent contractors for all purposes, including employment tax and employee benefits. There can be no assurance that legislative, judicial, administrative or regulatory (including tax) authorities will not introduce proposals or assert interpretations of existing rules and regulations that would change the employee/independent contractor classification of BCO Independent Contractors or independent commission sales agents doing business with the Company. Although management believes that there are no proposals currently pending that would significantly change the employee/independent contractor classification of BCO Independent Contractors or independent commission sales agents currently doing business with the Company, potential changes, if any, with respect to these BCO Independent Contractor and independent commission sales agent classifications could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s operating model. Further, the costs associated with any such potential changes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition if Landstar were unable to pass through to its customers an increase in price corresponding to such increased costs. Moreover, class action litigation in this area against other transportation companies has resulted in significant damage awards and/or monetary settlements for workers who have been allegedly misclassified as independent contractors and the legal and other related expenses associated with litigating these cases can be substantial.
Regulatory and legislative changes. As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Regulation,” certain of the Operating Subsidiaries are motor carriers and/or property brokers authorized to arrange
 
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for transportation services by motor carriers which are regulated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and by various state agencies. Certain of the Operating Subsidiaries are licensed as Ocean Transportation Intermediaries by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission as non-vessel-operating common carriers and/or as ocean freight forwarders. The Company’s air transportation activities in the United States are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Transportation as an indirect air carrier. One of the Company’s subsidiaries is licensed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security through the Bureau of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“U.S. Customs”) as a customs broker. The Company is also subject to regulations and requirements relating to safety and security promulgated by, among others, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security through U.S. Customs and the Transportation Security Administration, the Canada Border Services Agency and various state and local agencies and port authorities. The transportation industry is subject to possible regulatory and legislative changes (such as increasingly stringent environmental, climate change and/or safety/security regulations or limits on vehicle weight and size and a mandate to implement electronic logging devices) that may affect the economics of the industry by requiring changes in operating practices or by changing the demand for common or contract carrier services or the cost of providing truckload or other transportation or logistics services.
In particular, the FMCSA is consistently proposing regulatory changes that affect the operation of commercial motor carriers across the United States. The FMCSA has established the Compliance Safety Accountability (CSA) motor carrier oversight program. The Company believes the intent of this program is to improve regulatory oversight of motor carriers and commercial drivers using a safety measurement system methodology that is fundamentally different from the methodology that the FMCSA has historically relied upon. Under CSA, the FMCSA monitors seven Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories, or BASICs, under which a motor carrier may be evaluated. Since the introduction of CSA in December 2010, the FMCSA has considered and implemented changes to the methodologies used to determine carrier scores within a BASIC as well as to the BASICs themselves. The FMCSA has also established threshold scores for each BASIC. In the event a motor carrier has one or more BASIC scores that exceeds the applicable threshold, the motor carrier has an increased risk of roadside inspection and/or compliance review by FMCSA. BASIC scores in excess of applicable thresholds may also adversely affect a motor carrier’s overall safety rating and/or its relationships with customers. On December 4, 2015, President Obama signed into law the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act, or the “FAST Act.” Among other items, the FAST Act requires the FMCSA to engage the National Research Council to conduct a study of CSA and the Safety Measurement System (SMS) utilized by the CSA program. As a result of the FAST Act, the FMCSA announced that the BASIC scores have been removed from public view and are expected to remain hidden from public view while changes to CSA are considered. In addition, FMCSA has issued a final rule that mandates the use of electronic logging devices (ELDs) in certain over-the-road commercial motor vehicles effective December 18, 2017. It is difficult to predict which and in what form CSA, the ELD mandate or any other FMCSA regulations may be implemented, modified or enforced and what impact any such regulation may have on motor carrier operations or the aggregate number of trucks that provide hauling capacity to the Company.
Regulations focused on diesel emissions and other air quality matters. Focus on diesel emissions, climate change and related air quality matters has led to efforts by federal, state and local governmental agencies to support legislation and regulations to limit the amount of carbon emissions, including emissions created by diesel engines utilized in tractors such as those operated by the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors and Truck Brokerage Carriers. Moreover, federal, state and local governmental agencies may also focus on regulation in relation to trailing equipment specifications in an effort to achieve, among other things, lower carbon emissions. For example, under the federal Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) is responsible for prescribing national ambient air quality standards (“NAAQS”) for certain air pollutants, and each state is responsible for implementing those standards within its borders. Specifically, each state must adopt, and submit for the EPA’s approval, a state implementation plan (“SIP”) that provides for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of the NAAQS. In connection with its efforts to comply with the NAAQS, the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) has implemented regulations that restrict the ability of certain tractors and trailers from operating in California and that impose emission standards on nearly all diesel-fueled trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings in excess of 14,000 lbs. that operate in California. In 2012, the EPA formally approved certain CARB regulations as part of California’s SIP, including CARB’s “Regulation to Reduce Emissions of Diesel Particulate Matter, Oxides of Nitrogen and Other Criteria Pollutants from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Vehicles” (commonly referred to as the “Truck and Bus Regulation”) and “Regulation to Reduce Emissions of Diesel Particulate Matter, Oxides of Nitrogen and Other Criteria Pollutants from In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel-Fueled Drayage Trucks” (commonly referred to as the “Drayage Truck Regulation”). The EPA thereafter received express authorization to enforce California’s SIP, including the Truck and Bus Regulation and the Drayage Truck Regulation.
In June 2016, Landstar Ranger, Inc. received an information request from the EPA to determine the Clean Air Act compliance status of Landstar Ranger, Inc. with respect to the Truck and Bus Regulation and the Drayage Truck Regulation in the state of California. Landstar Ranger, Inc. is working with the EPA to comply with this request. The timing and outcome of the
 
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review by the EPA and any subsequent action by the EPA, if any, cannot be predicted. The Company may incur significant legal and other professional fees in connection with the EPA’s review. If the Company is found to be in noncompliance with CARB regulations, the EPA and CARB may seek to impose significant fines and penalties, or injunctive relief, on the Company. Further, the Company reorganized its entire fleet of van trailing equipment to maintain CARB-compliant trailer operations. Moreover, no assurances can be given with respect to the extent BCO Independent Contractors will choose to become CARB-compliant by purchasing a new or used CARB-compliant tractor, replacing the engine in their existing tractor with a CARB-compliant engine or performing an exhaust retrofit of their existing tractor by installing a particulate matter filter. Accordingly, many of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors may choose not to haul loads that would require travel within California, which could affect the ability of the Company to service customer freight needs for freight originating from, delivering to or traveling through California. Furthermore, increased regulation of tractor or trailing equipment specifications, including emissions created by diesel engines, could create substantial costs for the Company’s third party capacity providers and, in turn, increase the cost of purchased transportation to the Company. An increase in the costs to purchase, lease or maintain tractor or trailing equipment or in purchased transportation cost caused by existing or new regulations without a corresponding increase in price to the customer could adversely affect Landstar, including its results of operations and financial condition.
Disruptions or failures in the Company’s computer systems; cyber and other information security incidents. As noted above in Item 1, “Business — Factors Significant to the Company’s Operations — Technology,” the Company’s information technology systems used in connection with its operations are located in Jacksonville, Florida and to a lesser extent in Rockford, Illinois. In addition, the Company utilizes several third party data centers throughout the U.S. Landstar relies in the regular course of its business on the proper operation of its information technology systems to link its extensive network of customers, agents and third party capacity providers, including its BCO Independent Contractors. Although the Company has redundant systems for its critical operations, any significant disruption or failure of its technology systems or those of third party data centers on which it relies could significantly disrupt the Company’s operations and impose significant costs on the Company. Moreover, it is critical that the data processed by or stored in the Company’s information technology systems or otherwise in the Company’s possession remain confidential, as it often includes confidential, proprietary and/or competitively sensitive information regarding our customers, agents and third party capacity providers, employee records and key financial and operational results and statistics. Cyber incidents that impact the security, availability, reliability, speed, accuracy or other proper functioning of these systems and data, including outages, computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions, could have a significant impact on our operations. Accordingly, information security and the continued development and enhancement of the controls and processes designed to protect our systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority for us. Although we believe that we have robust security procedures and other safeguards in place, as threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any security vulnerabilities. For example, in the first quarter of 2016, we were subject to “spear-phishing” attacks through which third parties were able to obtain personal employee data. We have undertaken a number of remedial measures in response, including enhancing our security systems and additional training for our employees. Additional incidents may occur in the future and may have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. A significant incident, including system failure, security breach, disruption by malware, or other damage, could interrupt or delay our operations, damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers, agents or third party capacity providers, expose us to a risk of loss or litigation, and/or cause us to incur significant time and expense to remedy such an event, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Dependence on key vendors. As described above under “Dependence on third party insurance companies ” and “ Disruptions or failures in the Company’s computer systems; cyber and other information security incidents, ” the Company is dependent on certain vendors, including third party insurance companies, third party data center providers, third party information technology application providers and third party payment disbursement providers. Any inability to negotiate satisfactory terms with one of these key vendors or any other significant disruption to or termination of a relationship with one of these key vendors could disrupt the Company’s operations and impose significant costs on the Company.
Potential changes in fuel taxes. From time to time, various legislative proposals are introduced to increase federal, state, or local taxes, including taxes on motor fuels. The Company cannot predict whether, or in what form, any increase in such taxes applicable to the transportation services provided by the Company will be enacted and, if enacted, whether or not the Company’s Truck Brokerage Carriers would attempt to pass the increase on to the Company or if the Company will be able to reflect this potential increased cost of capacity, if any, in prices to customers. Any such increase in fuel taxes, without a corresponding increase in price to the customer, could have a material adverse effect on Landstar, including its results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, competition from other transportation service companies including those that provide non-trucking modes of transportation would likely increase if state or federal taxes on fuel were to increase without a corresponding increase in taxes imposed upon other modes of transportation.
 
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Catastrophic loss of a Company facility. The Company faces the risk of a catastrophic loss of the use of all or a portion of its facilities located in Jacksonville, Florida and Rockford, Illinois due to hurricanes, flooding, tornados, other weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or otherwise. The Company’s corporate headquarters and approximately two-thirds of the Company’s employees are located in its Jacksonville, Florida facility. In particular, a significant hurricane or similar catastrophic event that impacts the Jacksonville, Florida metropolitan area could significantly disrupt the Company’s operations and impose significant costs on the Company.
The Company cannot predict the effect on its business of threatened or real terrorist attacks. It is possible that such threats could result in the catastrophic loss or disruption in use of facilities, roadways, railroads, borders or ports where the Company operates. Also, anti-terrorism security measures could slow freight movements and negatively affect consumer confidence, the overall economy and the transportation industry. Such events could adversely affect Landstar, including its results of operations and financial condition.
Although the Company maintains insurance covering its facilities, including business interruption insurance, the Company’s insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses that may be incurred in the event of a catastrophic loss of one of the Company’s facilities. In addition, such insurance, including business interruption insurance, could in the future become more expensive and difficult to maintain and may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Intellectual property. The Company uses both internally developed and purchased technology in conducting its business. Whether internally developed or purchased, it is possible that the use of these technologies could be claimed to infringe upon or violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. In the event that a claim is made against the Company by a third party for the infringement of intellectual property rights, any settlement or adverse judgment against the Company either in the form of increased costs of licensing or a cease and desist order in using the technology could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and its results of operations.
Unclaimed property. The Company is subject to federal and state laws relating to abandoned and unclaimed property. States routinely audit the records of companies to assess compliance with such laws. The Company is currently undergoing a multi-state unclaimed property audit, the timing and outcome of which cannot be predicted. The Company may incur significant professional fees in connection with the audit. If the Company is found to be in noncompliance with applicable unclaimed property laws or the manner in which such laws are interpreted or applied, states may determine that they are entitled to the remittance by the Company of significant amounts of unclaimed or abandoned property and further may seek to impose other significant costs on the Company, including penalties and interest.
 
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	
None.
 
Item 2.	Properties	
The Company owns or leases various properties in the U.S. for the Company’s operations and administrative staff that support its independent commission sales agents, BCO Independent Contractors and other third party capacity providers. The transportation logistics segment’s primary facilities are located in Jacksonville, Florida and Rockford, Illinois. In addition, the Company’s corporate headquarters are located in Jacksonville, Florida. The Company also maintains a key freight staging and transload facility in Laredo, Texas. The Jacksonville, Florida, Rockford, Illinois and Laredo, Texas facilities are owned by the Company. Management believes that Landstar’s owned and leased properties are adequate for its current needs and that leased properties can be retained or replaced at an acceptable cost.
 
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	
The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising from the normal conduct of business. Many of these claims are covered in whole or in part by insurance. Based on knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, opinions of outside counsel, management believes that adequate provisions have been made for probable losses with respect to the resolution of all such claims and pending litigation and that the ultimate outcome, after provisions therefor, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, but could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or year.
 
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Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	
Not applicable.
 
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PART II
 
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	
The Common Stock of the Company is listed and traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “LSTR.” The following table sets forth the high and low reported sale prices for the Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the per share value of dividends declared for the periods indicated.

 	  	2016 Market Price	 	  	2015 Market Price	 	  	Dividends Declared	 	
Fiscal Period	  	High	 	  	Low	 	  	High	 	  	Low	 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
First Quarter	  	$	67.61	  	  	$	53.03	  	  	$	74.88	  	  	$	63.11	  	  	$	0.08	  	  	$	0.07	  	  	$	0.06	  	
Second Quarter	  	 	68.36	  	  	 	62.38	  	  	 	69.12	  	  	 	60.51	  	  	 	0.08	  	  	 	0.07	  	  	 	0.06	  	
Third Quarter	  	 	72.97	  	  	 	64.82	  	  	 	73.60	  	  	 	63.71	  	  	 	0.09	  	  	 	0.08	  	  	 	0.07	  	
Fourth Quarter	  	 	90.80	  	  	 	65.05	  	  	 	67.44	  	  	 	53.99	  	  	 	0.09	  	  	 	0.08	  	  	 	1.07	  	
The reported last sale price per share of the Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on January 27, 2017 was $84.35 per share. As of such date, Landstar had 41,839,818 shares of Common Stock outstanding and had 87 stockholders of record of its Common Stock. However, the Company estimates that it has a significantly greater number of stockholders because a substantial number of the Company’s shares are held by brokers or dealers for their customers in street name.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company
The Company did not purchase any shares of its Common Stock during the period from September 25, 2016 to December 31, 2016, the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter.
On May 19, 2015, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock that the Company is authorized to purchase from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions under a previously announced purchase program to 3,000,000 shares. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has authorization to purchase 1,036,125 shares of its Common Stock under this program. No specific expiration date has been assigned to the May 19, 2015 authorization.
Dividends
During fiscal year 2016, Landstar paid dividends as follows:

Dividend Amount
per Share	 	 	Declaration
Date	 	Record
Date	 	Payment
Date	
$	 0.08	  	 	January 26, 2016	 	February 15, 2016	 	March 11, 2016	
$	0.08	  	 	April 19, 2016	 	May 5, 2016	 	May 27, 2016	
$	0.09	  	 	July 19, 2016	 	August 8, 2016	 	August 26, 2016	
$	0.09	  	 	October 18, 2016	 	November 8, 2016	 	December 2, 2016	
On January 30, 2017, the Company announced the declaration of a quarterly dividend of $0.09 per share payable on March 17, 2017, to stockholders of record on February 20, 2017. It is currently the intention of the Board of Directors to pay a quarterly dividend going forward.
On June 2, 2016, Landstar entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock in the event there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement, under certain circumstances, limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter.
 
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
The Company maintains a stock compensation plan for members of its Board of Directors and two employee equity incentive plans. The following table presents information related to securities authorized for issuance under these plans at December 31, 2016:

Plan Category	 	Number of Securities
to be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options	 	 	Weighted-average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options	 	 	Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity  Compensation
Plans	 	
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders	 	 	372,561	  	 	$	48.24	  	 	 	4,187,364	  	
Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders	 	 	0	  	 	 	0	  	 	 	0	  	
Under the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 EIP”), the issuance of (i) a non-vested share of Landstar Common Stock issued in the form of restricted stock and (ii) a share of Landstar Common Stock issued upon the vesting of a previously granted restricted stock unit each counts as the issuance of two securities against the number of securities available for future issuance. Included in the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans were 86,572 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2013 Directors’ Stock Compensation Plan.
 
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Financial Model Shareholder Returns
The following graph illustrates the return that would have been realized, assuming reinvestment of dividends, by an investor who invested $100 in each of the Company’s Common Stock, the Standard and Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the Dow Jones Transportation Stock Index for the period commencing December 31, 2011 through December 31, 2016.

 
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Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
Income Statement Data:	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	  	2013	 	  	2012	 	
Revenue	  	$	3,167,634	  	  	$	3,321,091	  	  	$	3,184,790	  	  	$	2,664,780	  	  	$	2,770,799	  	
Investment income	  	 	1,502	  	  	 	1,396	  	  	 	1,381	  	  	 	1,475	  	  	 	1,563	  	
Costs and expenses:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Purchased transportation	  	 	2,415,663	  	  	 	2,551,343	  	  	 	2,461,143	  	  	 	2,046,927	  	  	 	2,130,323	  	
Commissions to agents	  	 	264,205	  	  	 	270,260	  	  	 	250,780	  	  	 	211,355	  	  	 	218,122	  	
Other operating costs, net of gains on asset sales/dispositions	  	 	29,702	  	  	 	31,618	  	  	 	25,771	  	  	 	21,568	  	  	 	22,582	  	
Insurance and claims	  	 	57,280	  	  	 	48,754	  	  	 	46,280	  	  	 	50,438	  	  	 	37,289	  	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	143,239	  	  	 	149,704	  	  	 	150,250	  	  	 	131,710	  	  	 	138,094	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	35,796	  	  	 	29,102	  	  	 	27,575	  	  	 	27,667	  	  	 	25,213	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total costs and expenses	  	 	2,945,885	  	  	 	3,080,781	  	  	 	2,961,799	  	  	 	2,489,665	  	  	 	2,571,623	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating income	  	 	223,251	  	  	 	241,706	  	  	 	224,372	  	  	 	176,590	  	  	 	200,739	  	
Interest and debt expense	  	 	3,794	  	  	 	2,949	  	  	 	3,177	  	  	 	3,211	  	  	 	3,110	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	  	 	219,457	  	  	 	238,757	  	  	 	221,195	  	  	 	173,379	  	  	 	197,629	  	
Income taxes	  	 	82,107	  	  	 	91,068	  	  	 	82,386	  	  	 	64,457	  	  	 	71,063	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	  	 	137,350	  	  	 	147,689	  	  	 	138,809	  	  	 	108,922	  	  	 	126,566	  	
Discontinued operations:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	4,058	  	  	 	3,215	  	
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	33,029	  	  	 	—  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	37,087	  	  	 	3,215	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	137,350	  	  	$	147,689	  	  	$	138,809	  	  	$	146,009	  	  	$	129,781	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Earnings per common share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	  	$	3.26	  	  	$	3.38	  	  	$	3.09	  	  	$	2.37	  	  	$	2.71	  	
Income from discontinued operations	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	0.81	  	  	$	0.07	  	
Earnings per common share	  	$	3.26	  	  	$	3.38	  	  	$	3.09	  	  	$	3.17	  	  	$	2.78	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from continuing operations	  	$	3.25	  	  	$	3.37	  	  	$	3.07	  	  	$	2.36	  	  	$	2.70	  	
Income from discontinued operations	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	0.80	  	  	$	0.07	  	
Diluted earnings per share	  	$	3.25	  	  	$	3.37	  	  	$	3.07	  	  	$	3.16	  	  	$	2.77	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Dividends per common share	  	$	0.34	  	  	$	0.30	  	  	$	1.26	  	  	$	0.35	  	  	$	0.73	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	  	Dec. 31,
2016	 	  	Dec. 26,
2015	 	  	Dec. 27,
2014	 	  	Dec. 28,
2013	 	  	Dec. 29,
2012	 	
Total assets	  	$	1,096,591	  	  	$	991,518	  	  	$	1,037,616	  	  	$	963,576	  	  	$	871,577	  	
Long-term debt, including current maturities	  	 	138,304	  	  	 	124,292	  	  	 	111,321	  	  	 	101,505	  	  	 	114,141	  	
Shareholders’ equity	  	 	542,557	  	  	 	466,237	  	  	 	488,261	  	  	 	454,481	  	  	 	379,454	  	
The information above for fiscal years 2012 and 2013 has been adjusted for the completion of the sale of Landstar Supply Chain Solutions, Inc., including its wholly owned subsidiary, Landstar Supply Chain Solutions LLC (collectively, “LSCS”), to XPO Logistics, Inc. and the treatment of LSCS as a discontinued operation effective December 28, 2013.
 
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	
Forward-Looking Statements
        The following is a “safe harbor” statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements contained in this document that are not based on historical facts are “forward-looking statements.” This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of this Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements, such as statements which relate to Landstar’s business objectives, plans, strategies and expectations. Terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “intention,” “expects,” “plans,” “predicts,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “will,” the negative thereof and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are by nature subject to uncertainties and risks, including but not limited to: an increase in the frequency or severity of accidents or other claims; unfavorable development of existing accident claims; dependence on third party insurance companies; dependence on independent commission sales agents; dependence on third party capacity providers; decreased demand for transportation services; U.S. foreign trade relationships; substantial industry competition; disruptions or failures in the Company’s computer systems; cyber and other information security incidents; dependence on key vendors; changes in fuel taxes; status of independent contractors; regulatory and legislative changes; regulations focused on diesel
 
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emissions and other air quality matters; catastrophic loss of a Company facility; intellectual property; unclaimed property; and other operational, financial or legal risks or uncertainties detailed in this and Landstar’s other SEC filings from time to time and described in Item 1A in this Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.” These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results or events to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated. Investors should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.
Introduction
Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary, Landstar System Holdings, Inc. (together, referred to herein as “Landstar” or the “Company”), is a worldwide asset-light provider of integrated transportation management solutions. The Company offers services to its customers across multiple transportation modes, with the ability to arrange for individual shipments of freight to enterprise-wide solutions to manage all of a customer’s transportation needs. Landstar provides services principally throughout the United States and to a lesser extent in Canada, and between the United States and Canada, Mexico and other countries around the world. The Company’s services emphasize safety, information coordination and customer service and are delivered through a network of independent commission sales agents and third party capacity providers linked together by a series of technological applications which are provided and coordinated by the Company. The nature of the Company’s business is such that a significant portion of its operating costs varies directly with revenue.
Landstar markets its integrated transportation management solutions primarily through independent commission sales agents and exclusively utilizes third party capacity providers to transport customers’ freight. Landstar’s independent commission sales agents enter into contractual arrangements with the Company and are responsible for locating freight, making that freight available to Landstar’s capacity providers and coordinating the transportation of the freight with customers and capacity providers. The Company’s third party capacity providers consist of independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”), unrelated trucking companies who provide truck capacity to the Company under non-exclusive contractual arrangements (the “Truck Brokerage Carriers”), air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and railroads. Through this network of agents and capacity providers linked together by Landstar’s information technology systems, Landstar operates an integrated transportation management solutions business primarily throughout North America with revenue of $3.2 billion during the most recently completed fiscal year. The Company reports the results of two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment.
The transportation logistics segment provides a wide range of integrated transportation management solutions. Transportation services offered by the Company include truckload and less-than-truckload transportation, rail intermodal, air cargo, ocean cargo, expedited ground and air delivery of time-critical freight, heavy-haul/specialized, U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico cross-border, project cargo and customs brokerage. Examples of the industries serviced by the transportation logistics segment include automotive products, building products, metals, chemicals, foodstuffs, heavy machinery, retail, electronics, ammunition and explosives and military equipment. In addition, the transportation logistics segment provides transportation services to other transportation companies, including third party logistics and less-than-truckload service providers. Each of the independent commission sales agents has the opportunity to market all of the services provided by the transportation logistics segment. Billings for freight transportation services are typically charged to customers on a per shipment basis for the physical transportation of freight and are referred to as transportation revenue. During fiscal year 2016, revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors, Truck Brokerage Carriers and railroads represented approximately 47%, 46% and 3%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated revenue. Collectively, revenue generated by air and ocean cargo carriers represented approximately 2% of the Company’s consolidated revenue during fiscal year 2016.
The insurance segment is comprised of Signature Insurance Company, a wholly owned offshore insurance subsidiary (“Signature”), and Risk Management Claim Services, Inc. This segment provides risk and claims management services to certain of Landstar’s Operating Subsidiaries. In addition, it reinsures certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors and provides certain property and casualty insurance directly to certain of Landstar’s Operating Subsidiaries. Revenue at the insurance segment represents reinsurance premiums from third party insurance companies that provide insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors where all or a portion of the risk is ultimately borne by Signature. Revenue at the insurance segment represented approximately 1% of the Company’s consolidated revenue for fiscal year 2016.
 
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Changes in Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management believes the Company’s success principally depends on its ability to generate freight through its network of independent commission sales agents and to safely and efficiently deliver that freight utilizing third party capacity providers. Management believes the most significant factors to the Company’s success include increasing revenue, sourcing capacity and controlling costs, including insurance and claims.
While customer demand, which is subject to overall economic conditions, ultimately drives increases or decreases in revenue, the Company primarily relies on its independent commission sales agents to establish customer relationships and generate revenue opportunities. Management’s emphasis with respect to revenue growth is on revenue generated by independent commission sales agents who on an annual basis generate $1 million or more of Landstar revenue (“Million Dollar Agents”). Management believes future revenue growth is primarily dependent on its ability to increase both the revenue generated by Million Dollar Agents and the number of Million Dollar Agents through a combination of recruiting new agents and increasing the revenue opportunities generated by existing independent commission sales agents. The following table shows the number of Million Dollar Agents, the average revenue generated by these agents and the percent of consolidated revenue generated by these agents during the past three fiscal years:

 	 	Fiscal Years	 	
 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Number of Million Dollar Agents	 	 	502	  	 	 	512	  	 	 	525	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Average revenue generated per Million Dollar Agent	 	$	5,831,000	  	 	$	5,998,000	  	 	$	5,609,000	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Percent of consolidated revenue generated by Million Dollar Agents	 	 	92	% 	 	 	92	% 	 	 	92	% 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The change in the number of Million Dollar Agents on a year-over-year basis is influenced by many factors and is not solely the result of terminations of contractual relationships between agents and the Company, whether such terminations are initiated by the agent or the Company. Such other factors include consolidations among agencies or retirement or similar transition actions. The change in the number of Million Dollar Agents on a year-over-year basis may also be affected by agents that remain with the Company yet experienced lower year-over-year revenue that resulted in such agent moving below the Million Dollar Agent category. In general, the number of agents in the million dollar category who terminate in a given year has been 3% or less of the total number of Million Dollar Agents. The number of Landstar agents who generated between $250,000 and $999,999 of revenue increased by 13, or 4.3%, from 305 during fiscal 2015 to 318 during fiscal 2016. In addition, revenue from accounts formerly handled by terminated Million Dollar Agents is often retained by the Company as the customer may choose to transfer its account to an existing Landstar agent.
Management monitors business activity by tracking the number of loads (volume) and revenue per load by mode of transportation. Revenue per load can be influenced by many factors other than a change in price. Those factors include the average length of haul, freight type, special handling and equipment requirements, fuel costs and delivery time requirements. For shipments involving two or more modes of transportation, revenue is generally classified by the mode of transportation having the highest cost for the load. The following table summarizes this information by trailer type for truck transportation and by mode for all others for the past three fiscal years:

 	 	Fiscal Years	 	
 	 	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Revenue generated through (in thousands):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truck transportation	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truckload:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Van equipment	 	$	1,900,406	  	 	$	1,894,221	  	 	$	1,814,195	  	
Unsided/platform equipment	 	 	963,649	  	 	 	1,109,356	  	 	 	1,093,999	  	
Less-than-truckload	 	 	74,530	  	 	 	80,687	  	 	 	80,384	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total truck transportation	 	 	2,938,585	  	 	 	3,084,264	  	 	 	2,988,578	  	
Rail intermodal	 	 	103,721	  	 	 	105,347	  	 	 	81,220	  	
Ocean and air cargo carriers	 	 	78,513	  	 	 	86,664	  	 	 	74,952	  	
Other (1)	 	 	46,815	  	 	 	44,816	  	 	 	40,040	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	$	3,167,634	  	 	$	3,321,091	  	 	$	3,184,790	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenue on loads hauled via BCO Independent Contractors included in total truck transportation	 	$	1,488,925	  	 	$	1,522,513	  	 	$	1,514,254	  	
 
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Number of loads:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truck transportation	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truckload:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Van equipment	  	 	1,179,183	  	 	 	1,102,654	  	 	 	1,038,517	  	
Unsided/platform equipment	  	 	451,686	  	 	 	485,993	  	 	 	444,852	  	
Less-than-truckload	  	 	115,521	  	 	 	112,363	  	 	 	96,541	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total truck transportation	  	 	1,746,390	  	 	 	1,701,010	  	 	 	1,579,910	  	
Rail intermodal	  	 	48,820	  	 	 	45,060	  	 	 	31,640	  	
Ocean and air cargo carriers	  	 	20,690	  	 	 	18,060	  	 	 	16,260	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	 	1,815,900	  	 	 	1,764,130	  	 	 	1,627,810	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loads hauled via BCO Independent Contractors included in total truck transportation	  	 	865,430	  	 	 	826,600	  	 	 	818,480	  	
 	 	 	 	
Revenue per load:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truck transportation	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truckload:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Van equipment	  	$	1,612	  	 	$	1,718	  	 	$	1,747	  	
Unsided/platform equipment	  	 	2,133	  	 	 	2,283	  	 	 	2,459	  	
Less-than-truckload	  	 	645	  	 	 	718	  	 	 	833	  	
Total truck transportation	  	 	1,683	  	 	 	1,813	  	 	 	1,892	  	
Rail intermodal	  	 	2,125	  	 	 	2,338	  	 	 	2,567	  	
Ocean and air cargo carriers	  	 	3,795	  	 	 	4,799	  	 	 	4,610	  	
 	 	 	 	
Revenue per load on loads hauled via BCO Independent  Contractors	  	$	1,720	  	 	$	1,842	  	 	$	1,850	  	
 	 	 	 	
Revenue by capacity type (as a % of total revenue):	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Truck capacity providers:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
BCO Independent Contractors	  	 	47	% 	 	 	46	% 	 	 	48	% 	
Truck Brokerage Carriers	  	 	46	% 	 	 	47	% 	 	 	46	% 	
Rail intermodal	  	 	3	% 	 	 	3	% 	 	 	3	% 	
Ocean and air cargo carriers	  	 	2	% 	 	 	3	% 	 	 	2	% 	
Other	  	 	1	% 	 	 	1	% 	 	 	1	% 	
 
(1)	Includes primarily reinsurance premium revenue generated by the insurance segment.	
Also critical to the Company’s success is its ability to secure capacity, particularly truck capacity, at rates that allow the Company to profitably transport customers’ freight. The following table summarizes the number of available truck capacity providers as of the end of the three most recent fiscal years:

 	  	Dec. 31,
2016	 	  	Dec. 26,
2015	 	  	Dec. 27,
2014	 	
BCO Independent Contractors	  	 	8,824	  	  	 	8,907	  	  	 	8,372	  	
Truck Brokerage Carriers:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Approved and active(1)	  	 	31,471	  	  	 	29,728	  	  	 	26,222	  	
Other approved	  	 	15,982	  	  	 	14,715	  	  	 	12,135	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	47,453	  	  	 	44,443	  	  	 	38,357	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total available truck capacity providers	  	 	56,277	  	  	 	53,350	  	  	 	46,729	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors	  	 	9,439	  	  	 	9,500	  	  	 	8,932	  	
 
(1)	Active refers to Truck Brokerage Carriers who moved at least one load in the 180 days immediately preceding the fiscal year end.	
The Company incurs costs that are directly related to the transportation of freight that include purchased transportation and commissions to agents. The Company incurs indirect costs associated with the transportation of freight that include other operating costs and insurance and claims. In addition, the Company incurs selling, general and administrative costs essential to administering its business operations. Management continually monitors all components of the costs incurred by the Company and establishes annual cost budgets which, in general, are used to benchmark costs incurred on a monthly basis.
Purchased transportation represents the amount a BCO Independent Contractor or other third party capacity provider is paid to haul freight. The amount of purchased transportation paid to a BCO Independent Contractor is primarily based on a contractually agreed-upon percentage of revenue generated by loads hauled by the BCO Independent Contractor. Purchased transportation paid to a Truck Brokerage Carrier is based on either a negotiated rate for each load hauled or, to a lesser extent, a contractually agreed-upon fixed rate per load. Purchased transportation paid to railroads is based on either a negotiated rate for each load hauled or a
 
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contractually agreed-upon fixed rate per load. Purchased transportation paid to air cargo carriers is generally based on a negotiated rate for each load hauled and purchased transportation paid to ocean cargo carriers is generally based on contractually agreed-upon fixed rates. Purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue for truck brokerage, rail intermodal and ocean cargo services is normally higher than that of BCO Independent Contractor and air cargo services. Purchased transportation is the largest component of costs and expenses and, on a consolidated basis, increases or decreases as a percentage of consolidated revenue in proportion to changes in the percentage of consolidated revenue generated through BCO Independent Contractors and other third party capacity providers and external revenue from the insurance segment, consisting of reinsurance premiums. Purchased transportation as a percent of revenue also increases or decreases in relation to the availability of truck brokerage capacity and with changes in the price of fuel on revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers. The Company passes 100% of fuel surcharges billed to customers for freight hauled by BCO Independent Contractors to its BCO Independent Contractors. These fuel surcharges are excluded from revenue and the cost of purchased transportation. Purchased transportation costs are recognized upon the completion of freight delivery.
Commissions to agents are based on contractually agreed-upon percentages of revenue or net revenue, defined as revenue less the cost of purchased transportation, or net revenue less a contractually agreed upon percentage of revenue retained by Landstar. Commissions to agents as a percentage of consolidated revenue will vary directly with fluctuations in the percentage of consolidated revenue generated by the various modes of transportation and reinsurance premiums and with changes in net revenue margin, defined as net revenue divided by revenue, on services provided by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads, air cargo carriers and ocean cargo carriers. Commissions to agents are recognized upon the completion of freight delivery.
The Company defines gross profit as revenue less the cost of purchased transportation and commissions to agents. Gross profit divided by revenue is referred to as gross profit margin. The Company’s operating margin is defined as operating income divided by gross profit.
In general, gross profit margin on revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors represents a fixed percentage of revenue due to the nature of the contracts that pay a fixed percentage of revenue to both the BCO Independent Contractors and independent commission sales agents. For revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers, gross profit margin is either fixed or variable as a percent of revenue, depending on the contract with each individual independent commission sales agent. Under certain contracts with independent commission sales agents, the Company retains a fixed percentage of revenue and the agent retains the amount remaining less the cost of purchased transportation (the “retention contracts”). Gross profit margin on revenue generated by railroads, air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and Truck Brokerage Carriers, other than those under retention contracts, is variable in nature as the Company’s contracts with independent commission sales agents provide commissions to agents at a contractually agreed upon percentage of net revenue for these types of loads. Approximately 55% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in fiscal year 2016 was generated under contracts that have a fixed gross profit margin while 45% was under contracts that have a variable gross profit margin.
Maintenance costs for Company-provided trailing equipment and BCO Independent Contractor recruiting and qualification costs are the largest components of other operating costs. Also included in other operating costs are trailer rental costs, the provision for uncollectible advances and other receivables due from BCO Independent Contractors and independent commission sales agents and gains/losses, if any, on sales of Company-owned trailing equipment.
With respect to insurance and claims cost, potential liability associated with accidents in the trucking industry is severe and occurrences are unpredictable. For commercial trucking claims, Landstar retains liability up to $5,000,000 per occurrence. In addition, for commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2016 through April 30, 2017, the Company retains liability up to an additional $700,000 in the aggregate on any claims exceeding its $5,000,000 per occurrence self-insured retention. The Company also retains liability of up to $1,000,000 for each general liability claim, up to $250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and up to $250,000 for each cargo claim. The Company’s exposure to liability associated with accidents incurred by Truck Brokerage Carriers, railroads and air and ocean cargo carriers who transport freight on behalf of the Company is reduced by various factors including the extent to which such carriers maintain their own insurance coverage. A material increase in the frequency or severity of accidents, cargo claims or workers’ compensation claims or the material unfavorable development of existing claims could have a material adverse effect on Landstar’s cost of insurance and claims and its results of operations.
During the 2016 fiscal year, employee compensation and benefits accounted for approximately sixty-five percent of the Company’s selling, general and administrative costs.
Depreciation and amortization primarily relate to depreciation of trailing equipment and information technology hardware and software.
 
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The following table sets forth the percentage relationship of purchased transportation and commissions to agents, both being direct costs, to revenue and indirect costs as a percentage of gross profit for the periods indicated:

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
 	  	2016	 	 	2015	 	 	2014	 	
Revenue	  	 	100.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	
 	 	 	 	
Purchased transportation	  	 	76.3	  	 	 	76.8	  	 	 	77.3	  	
Commissions to agents	  	 	8.3	  	 	 	8.1	  	 	 	7.9	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit margin	  	 	15.4	% 	 	 	15.0	% 	 	 	14.8	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross profit	  	 	100.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	 	 	100.0	% 	
Investment income	  	 	0.3	  	 	 	0.3	  	 	 	0.3	  	
Indirect costs and expenses:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other operating costs, net of gains on asset sales/dispositions	  	 	6.1	  	 	 	6.3	  	 	 	5.4	  	
Insurance and claims	  	 	11.7	  	 	 	9.8	  	 	 	9.8	  	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	29.4	  	 	 	30.0	  	 	 	31.8	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	7.3	  	 	 	5.8	  	 	 	5.8	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total costs and expenses	  	 	54.5	  	 	 	51.9	  	 	 	52.8	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating margin	  	 	45.8	% 	 	 	48.4	% 	 	 	47.4	% 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Management believes that a discussion of indirect costs as a percentage of gross profit is useful and meaningful to potential investors for the following principal reasons: (1) disclosure of these relative measures (i.e., each indirect operating cost line item as a percentage of gross profit) allows investors to better understand the underlying trends in the Company’s results of operations; (2) due to the generally fixed nature of these indirect costs (other than insurance and claims costs), these relative measures are meaningful to investors’ evaluations of the Company’s management of its indirect costs attributable to operations; (3) management considers this financial information in its decision-making, such as budgeting for infrastructure, trailing equipment and selling, general and administrative costs; and (4) this information facilitates comparisons by investors of the Company’s results to the results of other non-asset or asset-light companies in the transportation and logistics services industry who report “net revenue” in Management Discussion and Analysis, which represents revenue less the cost of purchased transportation. The difference between the Company’s use of the term “gross profit” and the use of the term “net revenue” by other companies in the transportation and logistics services industry is due to the direct cost of commissions to agents under the Landstar business model, whereas other companies in this industry generally have no commissions to agents.
Also, as previously mentioned, the Company reports two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment. External revenue at the insurance segment, representing reinsurance premiums, has historically been relatively consistent on a year-over-year basis at 2% or less of consolidated revenue and generally corresponds directly with the number of trucks provided by BCO Independent Contractors. The discussion of indirect cost line items in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations considers the Company’s costs on a consolidated basis rather than on a segment basis. Management believes this presentation format is the most appropriate to assist users of the financial statements in understanding the Company’s business for the following reasons: (1) the insurance segment has no other operating costs; (2) discussion of insurance and claims at either segment without reference to the other may create confusion amongst investors and potential investors due to intercompany arrangements and specific deductible programs that affect comparability of financial results by segment between various fiscal periods but that have no effect on the Company from a consolidated reporting perspective; (3) selling, general and administrative costs of the insurance segment comprise less than 10% of consolidated selling, general and administrative costs and have historically been relatively consistent on a year-over-year basis; and (4) the insurance segment has no depreciation and amortization.
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2015
Revenue for fiscal year 2016 was $3,167,634,000, a decrease of $153,457,000, or 5%, compared to fiscal year 2015. Transportation revenue decreased $155,467,000, or 5%. The decrease in transportation revenue was attributable to decreased revenue per load of approximately 7%, while the number of loads hauled in fiscal year 2016 increased approximately 3% compared to fiscal year 2015. Reinsurance premiums were $46,424,000 and $44,414,000 for fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in revenue from reinsurance premiums was primarily attributable to the increase in the average number of BCO Independent Contractors in fiscal year 2016. The Company’s fiscal year ends each year on the last Saturday in December and, as such, the Company’s fiscal year 2016 included fifty three weeks of operations whereas fiscal year 2015 included fifty two.
 
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Truck transportation revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors and Truck Brokerage Carriers (together, the “third party truck capacity providers”) for fiscal year 2016, was $2,938,585,000, or 93% of total revenue, a decrease of $145,679,000, or 5%, compared to fiscal year 2015. Revenue per load on loads hauled by third party truck capacity providers decreased approximately 7% in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015, while the number of loads hauled increased approximately 3% compared to fiscal year 2015. The decrease in revenue per load on loads hauled via truck was primarily attributable to a somewhat softer freight environment as compared to fiscal year 2015, which resulted in more readily available truck capacity, and the impact of lower diesel fuel costs on loads hauled via Truck Brokerage Carriers. The increase in the number of loads hauled via truck compared to fiscal year 2015 was due to an increase in demand for the Company’s drop and hook services using the Company’s van trailers, the effect of the extra operating week during fiscal year 2016, which contributed approximately 20,000 incremental truckloads, and increased market share from new agents. The number of loads hauled via van equipment increased 7%, while the number of loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment decreased 7% in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015. Demand for van transportation services utilizing Company provided van trailers, primarily relating to drop and hook services, drove the growth in the number of loads hauled via van trailing equipment during fiscal year 2016. The decrease in the number of loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment was entirely attributable to the impact of approximately 51,000 loads hauled in fiscal year 2015 related to a significant project for a single account in the automotive industry. The project was completed at the end of 2015. Excluding the impact of the loads related to this project hauled during fiscal year 2015, the number of loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment increased 4% during fiscal year 2016. Fuel surcharges billed to customers on revenue generated by BCO Independent Contractors are excluded from revenue. Fuel surcharges on Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue identified separately in billings to customers and included as a component of Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue were $56,408,000 and $84,266,000 in fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively. It should be noted that many customers of truck brokerage services require a single all-in rate that does not separately identify fuel surcharge. Accordingly, the overall impact of changes in fuel prices on revenue and revenue per load on loads hauled via truck is likely greater than that indicated.
Transportation revenue generated by rail intermodal, air cargo and ocean cargo carriers (collectively, the “multimode capacity providers”) for fiscal year 2016, was $182,234,000, or 6% of total revenue, a decrease of $9,777,000, or 5%, compared to fiscal year 2015. The number of loads hauled by multimode capacity providers in fiscal year 2016 increased approximately 10% compared to fiscal year 2015, while revenue per load on revenue generated by multimode capacity providers decreased approximately 14% over the same period. The increase in loads hauled by multimode capacity providers was primarily due to increased rail intermodal loads, mostly attributable to increased loadings at one specific agency, and a 15% increase in loads hauled by air and ocean cargo carriers. The 15% increase in loads hauled by air and ocean cargo carriers was broad-based across many customers. Revenue per load on loads hauled by multimode capacity providers decreased for all modes, primarily due to softness in the U.S. and global economies. Also, revenue per load on revenue generated by multimode capacity providers is influenced by many factors, including revenue mix among the various modes of transportation used, length of haul, complexity of freight, density of freight lanes, fuel costs and availability of capacity.
Purchased transportation was 76.3% and 76.8% of revenue in fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease in purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to a decreased rate of purchased transportation paid to Truck Brokerage Carriers, primarily due to the impact of lower diesel fuel costs and more readily available capacity, and an increase in the percentage of revenue contributed by BCO Independent Contractors, which typically has a lower rate of purchased transportation than revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers. Commissions to agents were 8.3% and 8.1% of revenue in fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in commissions to agents as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to an increased net revenue margin on revenue generated by Truck Brokerage Carriers.
Investment income was $1,502,000 and $1,396,000 in fiscal years 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Other operating costs decreased $1,916,000 in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 and represented 6.1% of gross profit in fiscal year 2016 compared to 6.3% in fiscal year 2015. The decrease in other operating costs compared to the prior year was primarily due to increased gains on sales of used trailing equipment and decreased trailing equipment rental costs, partially offset by an increased provision for contractor bad debt and increased trailing equipment maintenance costs, as the Company increased its number of owned trailers in response to customer demand. The decrease in other operating costs as a percentage of gross profit was caused by the decrease in other operating costs, partially offset by the effect of decreased gross profit.
 
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Insurance and claims increased $8,526,000 in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 and represented 11.7% of gross profit in fiscal year 2016 compared to 9.8% in fiscal year 2015. The increase in insurance and claims compared to prior year was due to increased severity of current year claims in fiscal year 2016 and increased insurance premiums on the Company’s commercial trucking liability coverage, partially offset by decreased net unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in fiscal year 2016 as unfavorable development of prior years’ claims was $1,079,000 and $4,852,000 in fiscal year 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in insurance and claims as a percentage of gross profit was caused by the increase in insurance and claims costs and the effect of decreased gross profit.
Selling, general and administrative costs decreased $6,465,000 in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 and represented 29.4% of gross profit in fiscal year 2016 compared to 30.0% of gross profit in fiscal year 2015. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs compared to prior year was attributable to a decreased provision for bonuses under the Company’s incentive compensation plan, decreased stock-based compensation expense and a decreased provision for customer bad debt in fiscal year 2016, partially offset by increased costs during fiscal year 2016 associated with the Company’s multi-year project designed to enhance the Company’s information systems. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs as a percentage of gross profit was due primarily to the decrease in selling, general and administrative costs, partially offset by the effect of decreased gross profit.
Depreciation and amortization increased $6,694,000 in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 and represented 7.3% of gross profit in fiscal year 2016 compared to 5.8% of gross profit in fiscal year 2015. The increase in depreciation and amortization costs was due to depreciation on new trailing equipment as the Company increased its number of owned trailers in response to increased customer demand for the Company’s drop and hook services using Company-owned van trailers and a lower average age of the fleet during the 2016 period. The increase in depreciation and amortization as a percentage of gross profit was primarily due to the increased depreciation costs and the effect of decreased gross profit.
Interest and debt expense in fiscal year 2016 was $845,000 higher than fiscal year 2015. The increase in interest and debt expense was primarily due to increased interest related to capital lease obligations as the Company increased its number of owned trailers in response to customer demand.
The provisions for income taxes for both fiscal years 2016 and 2015 were based on estimated annual effective income tax rates of 38.2% adjusted for discrete events, such as benefits resulting from disqualifying dispositions of the Company’s Common Stock by employees who obtained the stock through exercises of incentive stock options. The effective income tax rate for fiscal years 2016 and 2015 were 37.4% and 38.1%, respectively, which was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate primarily as a result of state taxes, the meals and entertainment exclusion and non-deductible stock-based compensation. The decrease in the effective income tax rate compared to prior year is primarily attributable to benefits related to certain tax matters recognized in the 2016 period.
Net income was $137,350,000, or $3.26 per common share ($3.25 per diluted share), in fiscal year 2016. Net income was $147,689,000, or $3.38 per common share ($3.37 per diluted share), in fiscal year 2015.
Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2015 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2014
Revenue for fiscal year 2015 was $3,321,091,000, an increase of $136,301,000, or 4%, compared to fiscal year 2014. Transportation revenue increased $131,264,000, or 4%. The increase in transportation revenue was primarily attributable to an approximately 8% increase in the number of loads hauled, partially offset by decreased revenue per load of approximately 4%. Reinsurance premiums from third party insurance companies that provide insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors where all or a portion of the risk of loss is ultimately borne by Signature, were $44,414,000 and $39,377,000 for fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in revenue from reinsurance premiums was primarily attributable to the net increase in the number of BCO Independent Contractors in fiscal year 2015.
Truck transportation revenue hauled by third party truck capacity providers for fiscal year 2015, was $3,084,264,000, or 93% of total revenue, an increase of $95,686,000, or 3%, compared to fiscal year 2014. The number of loads hauled by third party truck capacity providers in fiscal year 2015 increased approximately 8% compared to fiscal year 2014, while revenue per load decreased approximately 4% compared to fiscal year 2014. The increase in the number of loads hauled via truck compared to fiscal year 2014 was due to an increase in demand for the Company’s drop and hook services using the Company’s van trailers, an increase in loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment, driven by demand from one shipper for a specific project in the automotive sector and increased market share from new agents. The decrease in revenue per load on loads hauled via truck was primarily attributable to the impact of lower diesel fuel costs on loads hauled via Truck Brokerage Carriers and a decrease in the number of loads hauled via heavy specialized equipment as a percentage of total truck loads, which typically have a higher revenue per load. The number of loads
 
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hauled via van equipment increased 6% while revenue per load on loads hauled via van equipment decreased 2% compared to fiscal year 2014. Demand for Landstar’s van transportation services was broad-based across many customers and geographic regions, with particular strength for drop and hook services. The decrease in van revenue per load was primarily due to the impact of lower diesel fuel costs on loads hauled via Truck Brokerage Carriers. The number of loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment increased 9% while revenue per load on loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment decreased 7% compared to fiscal year 2014. The increase in the number of loads hauled via unsided/platform equipment was driven by one shipper for a specific project in the automotive sector during fiscal year 2015. The decrease in unsided/platform revenue per load of 7% was due to a decreased average length of haul in fiscal year 2015, primarily driven by increased loadings from a project for an existing automotive customer, which had a comparatively lower average length of haul, a decrease in the percentage of unsided/platform revenue contributed by heavy specialized equipment, which tends to have a higher revenue per load and the impact of lower diesel fuel costs on loads hauled via Truck Brokerage Carriers. The increase in the number of LTL loads of 16% compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to increased loadings at one specific customer and increased market share as more of the Company’s independent commission agents participate in this service offering. The decrease in LTL revenue per load of 14% compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to increased loadings at one specific customer, which had a comparatively low revenue per load. Fuel surcharges on Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue identified separately in billings to customers and included as a component of Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue were $84,266,000 and $121,656,000 in fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. Not all customers require separately identified fuel surcharges and, therefore, the fuel surcharges separately identified do not necessarily represent the overall impact of changes in fuel prices on Truck Brokerage Carrier revenue and revenue per load. Fuel surcharges billed to customers on revenue hauled by BCO Independent Contractors are excluded from revenue.
Transportation revenue hauled by multimode capacity providers for fiscal year 2015, was $192,011,000, or 6% of total revenue, an increase of $35,839,000, or 23%, compared to fiscal year 2014. The number of loads hauled by multimode capacity providers in fiscal year 2015 increased approximately 32% compared to fiscal year 2014, while revenue per load on revenue hauled by multimode capacity providers decreased approximately 7% over the same period. The increase in loads hauled by multimode capacity providers was primarily due to increased rail intermodal loads. The decrease in revenue per load on revenue hauled by multimode capacity providers was primarily due to decreased revenue per load on rail intermodal loads and an increase in rail intermodal loads as a percentage of multimode loads, as rail intermodal loads generally generate a lower revenue per load compared to loads hauled by ocean or air carriers. Also, revenue per load on revenue hauled by multimode capacity providers is influenced by many factors, including revenue mix among the various modes of transportation used, length of haul, complexity of freight, density of freight lanes, fuel costs and availability of capacity.
Purchased transportation was 76.8% and 77.3% of revenue in fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease in purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to a decreased rate of purchased transportation paid to Truck Brokerage Carriers, primarily due to the impact of lower diesel fuel costs. Commissions to agents were 8.1% and 7.9% of revenue in fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in commissions to agents as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to an increased net revenue margin on revenue hauled by Truck Brokerage Carriers.
Investment income was $1,396,000 and $1,381,000 in fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Other operating costs increased $5,847,000 in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 and represented 6.3% of gross profit in fiscal year 2015 compared to 5.4% in fiscal year 2014. The increase in other operating costs compared to the prior year was primarily due to increased trailing equipment maintenance and rental costs, as the Company increased its number of owned trailers in response to customer demand and retained older van trailing equipment that tends to have higher maintenance costs than new trailing equipment, and decreased gains on sales of used trailing equipment. The increase in other operating costs as a percentage of gross profit was primarily caused by the increase in trailing equipment and rental costs and decreased gains on sale of used trailing equipment, partially offset by the effect of increased gross profit in fiscal year 2015.
Insurance and claims increased $2,474,000 in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 and represented 9.8% of gross profit in both fiscal years 2015 and 2014. The increase in insurance and claims compared to prior year was due to increased frequency in the number of insurance claims in fiscal year 2015, partially offset by decreased net unfavorable development of prior years’ claims estimates from $6,664,000 in fiscal year 2014 to $4,852,000 in fiscal year 2015.
Selling, general and administrative costs decreased $546,000 in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 and represented 30.0% of gross profit in fiscal year 2015 compared to 31.8% of gross profit in fiscal year 2014. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs compared to prior year was due to a $17,793,000 provision for incentive compensation in fiscal year 2014 compared to a $6,638,000 provision in fiscal year 2015, partially offset by increased employee wages and benefits and an increased provision for customer bad debt, primarily related to one customer. The decrease in selling, general and administrative costs as a percentage of gross profit was also due to the effect of increased gross profit in fiscal year 2015.
 
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Depreciation and amortization increased $1,527,000 in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 and represented 5.8% of gross profit in both fiscal years 2015 and 2014. The increase in depreciation and amortization costs were primarily due to depreciation on new trailing equipment that replaced older, fully depreciated trailing equipment.
Interest and debt expense in fiscal year 2015 was $228,000 lower than fiscal year 2014. The decrease in interest and debt expense was primarily due to lower average borrowing rates on capital lease obligations.
The provisions for income taxes for both fiscal years 2015 and 2014 were based on estimated annual effective income tax rates of approximately 38.2% adjusted for discrete events, such as benefits resulting from disqualifying dispositions of the Company’s Common Stock by employees who obtained the stock through exercises of incentive stock options. The effective income tax rates for fiscal years 2015 and 2014 were 38.1% and 37.2%, respectively, which was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate primarily as a result of state taxes, the meals and entertainment exclusion and non-deductible stock-based compensation. The increase in the effective income tax rate compared to prior year is primarily attributable to benefits related to certain tax matters recognized in the 2014 period.
Net income was $147,689,000, or $3.38 per common share ($3.37 per diluted share), in fiscal year 2015. Net income was $138,809,000, or $3.09 per common share ($3.07 per diluted share), in fiscal year 2014.
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Working capital and the ratio of current assets to current liabilities were $357,096,000 and 1.9 to 1, respectively, at December 31, 2016, compared with $286,581,000 and 1.8 to 1, respectively, at December 26, 2015, and $315,281,000 and 1.8 to 1, respectively, at December 27, 2014. Landstar has historically operated with current ratios within the range of 1.5 to 1 to 2.0 to 1. Cash provided by operating activities was $190,242,000, $216,022,000, and $101,869,000 in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease in cash flow provided by operating activities for fiscal year 2016 was primarily attributable to the reduction in net income and the timing of collections of trade receivables. The increase in cash flow provided by operating activities for fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily attributable to the timing of collections of trade receivables.
The Company declared and paid $0.34 per share, or $14,332,000 in the aggregate, in cash dividends during fiscal year 2016. The Company declared and paid $0.30 per share, or $13,088,000 in the aggregate, in cash dividends during fiscal year 2015 and, during such period, also paid $44,794,000 of dividends payable which were declared during fiscal year 2014 and included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 27, 2014. The Company declared and paid $0.26 per share, or $11,685,000 in the aggregate, in cash dividends during fiscal year 2014 and, during such period, also paid $15,921,000 of dividends payable which were declared during fiscal year 2013 and included in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 28, 2013. During fiscal year 2016, the Company purchased 773,281 shares of its Common Stock at a total cost of $50,516,000. During fiscal year 2015 and 2014, the Company purchased 2,497,748 and 939,872 shares of its Common Stock at a total cost of $161,152,000 and $56,393,000, respectively. The Company has used cash provided by operating activities to fund the purchases. Since January 1997, the Company has purchased approximately $1,379,000,000 of its Common Stock under programs authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company in open market and private block transactions. As of December 31, 2016, the Company may purchase up to an additional 1,036,125 shares of its Common Stock under its authorized stock purchase program. Long-term debt, including current maturities, was $138,304,000 at December 31, 2016, compared to $124,292,000 at December 26, 2015 and $111,321,000 at December 27, 2014.
Shareholders’ equity was $542,557,000, or 80% of total capitalization (defined as long-term debt including current maturities plus equity), at December 31, 2016, compared to $466,237,000, or 79% of total capitalization, at December 26, 2015 and $488,261,000, or 81% of total capitalization, at December 27, 2014. The increase in equity in fiscal year 2016 compared to fiscal year 2015 was primarily a result of net income, partially offset by the purchase of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and dividends declared by the Company in fiscal year 2016. The decrease in equity in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily a result of the purchases of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and dividends declared by the Company in fiscal year 2015, partially offset by net income.
On June 2, 2016, Landstar entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which matures on June 2, 2021, provides $250,000,000 of borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility, $50,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letter of credit guarantees. The credit agreement includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase up to an aggregate borrowing amount of $400,000,000. The Company’s prior credit agreement was terminated on June 2, 2016.
 
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The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that limit, among other things, the incurrence of additional indebtedness. The Company is required to, among other things, maintain a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, and maintain a Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, below a specified maximum. The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock to the extent there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement under certain circumstances limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter. The Credit Agreement provides for an event of default in the event that, among other things, a person or group acquires 35% or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Company or obtains power to elect a majority of the Company’s directors or directors cease to consist of a majority of Continuing Directors, as defined in the Credit Agreement. None of these covenants are presently considered by management to be materially restrictive to the Company’s operations, capital resources or liquidity. The Company is currently in compliance with all of the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement.
At December 31, 2016, the Company had no borrowings outstanding and $35,599,000 of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2016, there was $214,401,000 available for future borrowings under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Company has $61,110,000 in letters of credit outstanding as collateral for insurance claims that are secured by investments totaling $67,900,000 at December 31, 2016. Investments, all of which are carried at fair value, include primarily investment-grade bonds and U.S. Treasury obligations having maturities of up to five years. Fair value of investments is based primarily on quoted market prices. See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further discussion on measurement of fair value of investments.
Historically, the Company has generated sufficient operating cash flow to meet its debt service requirements, fund continued growth, both organic and through acquisitions, complete or execute share purchases of its Common Stock under authorized share purchase programs, pay dividends and meet working capital needs. As an asset-light provider of integrated transportation management solutions, the Company’s annual capital requirements for operating property are generally for trailing equipment and information technology hardware and software. In addition, a significant portion of the trailing equipment used by the Company is provided by third party capacity providers, thereby reducing the Company’s capital requirements. During fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, Landstar acquired $61,504,000, $49,491,000 and $47,232,000, respectively, of trailing equipment by entering into capital leases. During fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company also purchased $22,645,000, $4,804,000 and $10,539,000, respectively, of operating property. Included in the $22,645,000 of purchases of operating property during fiscal year 2016 is $17,237,000 related to a new freight staging and transload facility in Laredo, Texas. Landstar also acquired $5,298,000 of operating property relating to the development of the Laredo property for which the Company accrued a corresponding liability in accounts payable as of December 31, 2016. Landstar anticipates acquiring either by purchase or lease financing approximately $43,000,000 in operating property in fiscal year 2017, consisting primarily of new trailing equipment to replace older trailing equipment and information technology equipment.
Management believes that cash flow from operations combined with the Company’s borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement will be adequate to meet Landstar’s debt service requirements, fund continued growth, both internal and through acquisitions, pay dividends, complete the authorized share purchase program and meet working capital needs.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
At December 31, 2016, the Company’s obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts, such as debt and lease agreements, were as follows (in thousands):

Contractual Obligation	  	Total	 	  	Less Than
1 Year	 	  	1-3
Years	 	  	3-5
Years	 	  	More Than
5 Years	 	
Capital lease obligations	  	$	144,571	 	  	$	47,860	 	  	$	67,085	 	  	$	29,626	 	  	$	—  	 	
Operating lease obligations	  	 	1,551	 	  	 	634	 	  	 	547	 	  	 	106	 	  	 	264	 	
Purchase obligations	  	 	18,053	 	  	 	16,012	 	  	 	1,773	 	  	 	268	 	  	 	—  	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	164,175	 	  	$	64,506	 	  	$	69,405	 	  	$	30,000	 	  	$	264	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Capital lease obligations above include $6,267,000 of imputed interest. Purchase obligations at December 31, 2016 are primarily commitments for trailing equipment additions during fiscal 2017. At December 31, 2016, the Company has gross unrecognized tax benefits of $2,635,000. This amount is excluded from the table above as the Company cannot reasonably estimate the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities. At December 31, 2016, the Company has insurance claims liabilities of $53,004,000.
 
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This amount is excluded from the table above as the Company cannot reasonably estimate the period of cash settlement on these liabilities. The short-term portion of the insurance claims liability is reported on the consolidated balance sheets primarily on an actuarially determined basis.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements, other than operating leases as disclosed in the table of Contractual Obligations and Commitments above, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Legal Matters
The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising from the normal conduct of business. Many of these claims are covered in whole or in part by insurance. Based on knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, opinions of outside counsel, management believes that adequate provisions have been made for probable losses with respect to the resolution of all such claims and pending litigation and that the ultimate outcome, after provisions therefor, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, but could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or year.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The allowance for doubtful accounts for both trade and other receivables represents management’s estimate of the amount of outstanding receivables that will not be collected. Historically, management’s estimates for uncollectible receivables have been materially correct. Although management believes the amount of the allowance for both trade and other receivables at December 31, 2016 is appropriate, a prolonged period of low or no economic growth may adversely affect the collection of these receivables. In addition, liquidity concerns and/or unanticipated bankruptcy proceedings at any of the Company’s larger customers in which the Company is carrying a significant receivable could result in an increase in the provision for uncollectible receivables and have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations in a given quarter or year. However, it is not expected that an uncollectible accounts receivable resulting from an individual customer would have a significant impact on the Company’s financial condition. Conversely, a more robust economic environment or the recovery of a previously provided for uncollectible receivable from an individual customer may result in the realization of some portion of the estimated uncollectible receivables.
Landstar provides for the estimated costs of self-insured claims primarily on an actuarial basis. The amount recorded for the estimated liability for claims incurred is based upon the facts and circumstances known on the applicable balance sheet date. The ultimate resolution of these claims may be for an amount greater or less than the amount estimated by management. The Company continually revises its existing claim estimates as new or revised information becomes available on the status of each claim. Historically, the Company has experienced both favorable and unfavorable development of prior years’ claims estimates. During fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, insurance and claims costs included $1,079,000, $4,852,000 and $6,664,000 of net unfavorable adjustments to prior years’ claims estimates, respectively. The unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in the 2015 fiscal year primarily related to a single claim for which the Company incurred a pre-tax charge of $4,500,000. The majority of the unfavorable development of prior years’ claims in the 2014 fiscal year related to three claims. It is reasonably likely that the ultimate outcome of settling all outstanding claims will be more or less than the estimated claims reserve at December 31, 2016.
The Company utilizes certain income tax planning strategies to reduce its overall cost of income taxes. If the Company were to be subject to an audit, it is possible that certain strategies might be disallowed resulting in an increased liability for income taxes. Certain of these tax planning strategies result in a level of uncertainty as to whether the related tax positions taken by the Company would result in a recognizable benefit. The Company has provided for its estimated exposure attributable to such tax positions due to the corresponding level of uncertainty with respect to the amount of income tax benefit that may ultimately be realized. Management believes that the provision for liabilities resulting from the uncertainty in certain income tax positions is appropriate. To date, the Company has not experienced an examination by governmental revenue authorities that would lead management to believe that the Company’s past provisions for exposures related to the uncertainty of such income tax positions are not appropriate.
Significant variances from management’s estimates for the amount of uncollectible receivables, the ultimate resolution of self-insured claims and the provision for uncertainty in income tax positions could each be expected to positively or negatively affect Landstar’s earnings in a given quarter or year. However, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these items, given a range of reasonably likely outcomes, will not significantly affect the long-term financial condition of Landstar or its ability to fund its continuing operations.
 
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Effects of Inflation
Management does not believe inflation has had a material impact on the results of operations or financial condition of Landstar in the past five years. However, inflation in excess of historical trends might have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations in the future.
Seasonality
Landstar’s operations are subject to seasonal trends common to the trucking industry. Results of operations for the quarter ending in March are typically lower than for the quarters ending June, September and December.
 
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	
The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of its financing activities, primarily its borrowings on its revolving credit facility, and investing activities with respect to investments held by the insurance segment.
On June 2, 2016, Landstar entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which matures on June 2, 2021, provides $250,000,000 of borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility, $50,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letter of credit guarantees. The Credit Agreement includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase up to aggregate borrowing amount of $400,000,000.
Depending upon the specific type of borrowing, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest based on either (a) the prime rate, (b) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York rate plus 0.5% or (c) the London Interbank Offered Rate, plus 1.25%. As of both December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015 and during all of fiscal years 2016 and 2015, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
Long-term investments, all of which are available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, include primarily investment-grade bonds and U.S. Treasury obligations having maturities of up to five years. Assuming that the long-term portion of investments remains at $42,859,000, the balance at December 31, 2016, a hypothetical increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would not have a material impact on future earnings on an annualized basis. Short-term investments consist of short-term investment-grade instruments and the current maturities of investment-grade corporate bonds and U.S. Treasury obligations. Accordingly, any future interest rate risk on these short-term investments would not be material to the Company’s operating results.
Assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian operation are translated from their functional currency to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Transactional gains and losses arising from receivable and payable balances, including intercompany balances, in the normal course of business that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the operation are recorded in the statements of income when they occur. The assets held at the Company’s Canadian subsidiary at December 31, 2016 were, as translated to U.S. dollars, approximately 2% of total consolidated assets. Accordingly, any translation gain or loss related to the Canadian operation would not be material.
 
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Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	
LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

 	  	Dec. 31,
2016	 	 	Dec. 26,
2015	 	
ASSETS	  	
Current Assets	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	  	$	178,897	  	 	$	114,520	  	
Short-term investments	  	 	66,560	  	 	 	48,823	  	
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance of $5,161 and $4,327	  	 	463,102	  	 	 	462,699	  	
Other receivables, including advances to independent contractors, less allowance of $5,523 and $4,143	  	 	18,567	  	 	 	18,472	  	
Other current assets	  	 	10,281	  	 	 	11,604	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current assets	  	 	737,407	  	 	 	656,118	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating property, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $190,374 and $182,591	  	 	272,843	  	 	 	225,927	  	
Goodwill	  	 	31,134	  	 	 	31,134	  	
Other assets	  	 	55,207	  	 	 	78,339	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	  	$	1,096,591	  	 	$	991,518	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	  	
Current Liabilities	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash overdraft	  	$	36,251	  	 	$	35,609	  	
Accounts payable	  	 	219,409	  	 	 	223,709	  	
Current maturities of long-term debt	  	 	45,047	  	 	 	42,499	  	
Insurance claims	  	 	26,121	  	 	 	19,757	  	
Other current liabilities	  	 	53,483	  	 	 	47,963	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total current liabilities	  	 	380,311	  	 	 	369,537	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	  	 	93,257	  	 	 	81,793	  	
Insurance claims	  	 	26,883	  	 	 	21,477	  	
Deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities	  	 	53,583	  	 	 	52,474	  	
 	 	 	
Shareholders’ Equity	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 160,000,000 shares, issued 67,585,675 and 67,391,616 shares	  	 	676	  	 	 	674	  	
Additional paid-in capital	  	 	199,414	  	 	 	195,841	  	
Retained earnings	  	 	1,512,993	  	 	 	1,389,975	  	
Cost of 25,747,541 and 24,972,079 shares of common stock in treasury	  	 	(1,167,437	) 	 	 	(1,116,765	) 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	  	 	(3,089	) 	 	 	(3,488	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total shareholders’ equity	  	 	542,557	  	 	 	466,237	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	  	$	1,096,591	  	 	$	991,518	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

 	  	Fiscal Years Ended	 	
 	  	Dec. 31,
2016	 	  	Dec. 26,
2015	 	  	Dec. 27,
2014	 	
Revenue	  	$	3,167,634	  	  	$	3,321,091	  	  	$	3,184,790	  	
Investment income	  	 	1,502	  	  	 	1,396	  	  	 	1,381	  	
Costs and expenses:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Purchased transportation	  	 	2,415,663	  	  	 	2,551,343	  	  	 	2,461,143	  	
Commissions to agents	  	 	264,205	  	  	 	270,260	  	  	 	250,780	  	
Other operating costs, net of gains on asset sales/dispositions	  	 	29,702	  	  	 	31,618	  	  	 	25,771	  	
Insurance and claims	  	 	57,280	  	  	 	48,754	  	  	 	46,280	  	
Selling, general and administrative	  	 	143,239	  	  	 	149,704	  	  	 	150,250	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	35,796	  	  	 	29,102	  	  	 	27,575	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total costs and expenses	  	 	2,945,885	  	  	 	3,080,781	  	  	 	2,961,799	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating income	  	 	223,251	  	  	 	241,706	  	  	 	224,372	  	
Interest and debt expense	  	 	3,794	  	  	 	2,949	  	  	 	3,177	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	 	219,457	  	  	 	238,757	  	  	 	221,195	  	
Income taxes	  	 	82,107	  	  	 	91,068	  	  	 	82,386	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	137,350	  	  	$	147,689	  	  	$	138,809	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Earnings per common share	  	$	3.26	  	  	$	3.38	  	  	$	3.09	  	
Diluted earnings per share	  	$	3.25	  	  	$	3.37	  	  	$	3.07	  	
 	 	 	 	
Average number of shares outstanding:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Earnings per common share	  	 	42,112,000	  	  	 	43,664,000	  	  	 	44,956,000	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per share	  	 	42,236,000	  	  	 	43,813,000	  	  	 	45,169,000	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Dividends per common share	  	$	0.34	  	  	$	0.30	  	  	$	1.26	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands)

 	  	Fiscal Years Ended	 	
 	  	Dec. 31,
2016	 	  	Dec. 26,
2015	 	 	Dec. 27,
2014	 	
Net income	  	$	137,350	  	  	$	147,689	  	 	$	138,809	  	
Other comprehensive income (loss):	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax (expense) benefit of ($13), $109 and $76	  	 	23	  	  	 	(199	) 	 	 	(139	) 	
Foreign currency translation gains (losses)	  	 	376	  	  	 	(2,104	) 	 	 	(1,034	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss)	  	 	399	  	  	 	(2,303	) 	 	 	(1,173	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive income	  	$	137,749	  	  	$	145,386	  	 	$	137,636	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)

 	  	Fiscal Years Ended	 	
 	  	Dec. 31,
2016	 	 	Dec. 26,
2015	 	 	Dec. 27,
2014	 	
OPERATING ACTIVITIES	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	137,350	  	 	$	147,689	  	 	$	138,809	  	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization of operating property	  	 	35,796	  	 	 	29,102	  	 	 	27,575	  	
Non-cash interest charges	  	 	238	  	 	 	218	  	 	 	218	  	
Provisions for losses on trade and other accounts receivable	  	 	5,735	  	 	 	5,890	  	 	 	5,315	  	
Gains on sales/disposals of operating property	  	 	(3,477	) 	 	 	(216	) 	 	 	(2,143	) 	
Deferred income taxes, net	  	 	6,328	  	 	 	6,792	  	 	 	5,434	  	
Stock-based compensation	  	 	2,747	  	 	 	6,925	  	 	 	6,797	  	
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(Increase) decrease in trade and other accounts receivable	  	 	(6,233	) 	 	 	20,713	  	 	 	(60,454	) 	
Decrease (increase) in other assets	  	 	9,298	  	 	 	(1,177	) 	 	 	(9,046	) 	
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable	  	 	(9,598	) 	 	 	3,632	  	 	 	62,281	  	
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	  	 	288	  	 	 	1,222	  	 	 	(2,468	) 	
Increase (decrease) in insurance claims	  	 	11,770	  	 	 	(4,768	) 	 	 	(70,449	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	  	 	190,242	  	 	 	216,022	  	 	 	101,869	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
INVESTING ACTIVITIES	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Sales and maturities of investments	  	 	41,795	  	 	 	38,684	  	 	 	34,701	  	
Purchases of investments	  	 	(43,529	) 	 	 	(44,238	) 	 	 	(36,473	) 	
Purchases of operating property	  	 	(22,645	) 	 	 	(4,804	) 	 	 	(10,539	) 	
Proceeds from sales of operating property	  	 	10,212	  	 	 	1,685	  	 	 	7,465	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
NET CASH USED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES	  	 	(14,167	) 	 	 	(8,673	) 	 	 	(4,846	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
FINANCING ACTIVITIES	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase in cash overdraft	  	 	642	  	 	 	980	  	 	 	6,849	  	
Dividends paid	  	 	(14,332	) 	 	 	(57,882	) 	 	 	(27,606	) 	
Payment for debt issue costs	  	 	(1,048	) 	 	 	—  	  	 	 	—  	  	
Proceeds from exercises of stock options	  	 	2,329	  	 	 	1,459	  	 	 	3,760	  	
Taxes paid in lieu of shares issued related to stock-based compensation plans	  	 	(3,043	) 	 	 	(2,225	) 	 	 	(4,041	) 	
Excess tax benefits from stock-based awards	  	 	1,386	  	 	 	671	  	 	 	2,500	  	
Purchases of common stock	  	 	(50,516	) 	 	 	(161,152	) 	 	 	(56,393	) 	
Principal payments on capital lease obligations	  	 	(47,492	) 	 	 	(36,520	) 	 	 	(37,416	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
NET CASH USED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES	  	 	(112,074	) 	 	 	(254,669	) 	 	 	(112,347	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	  	 	376	  	 	 	(2,104	) 	 	 	(1,034	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	  	 	64,377	  	 	 	(49,424	) 	 	 	(16,358	) 	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	  	 	114,520	  	 	 	163,944	  	 	 	180,302	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	  	$	178,897	  	 	$	114,520	  	 	$	163,944	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2016,
December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Additional	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Other	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Paid-In	 	 	Retained	 	 	Treasury Stock at Cost	 	 	Comprehensive	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	Capital	 	 	Earnings	 	 	Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	(Loss) Income	 	 	Total	 	
Balance December 28, 2013	 	 	67,017,858	  	 	$	670	  	 	$	179,807	  	 	$	1,173,044	  	 	 	21,528,693	  	 	$	(899,028	) 	 	$	(12	) 	 	$	454,481	  	
Net income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	138,809	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	138,809	  	
Dividends ($1.26 per share)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(56,479	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(56,479	) 	
Purchases of common stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	939,872	  	 	 	(56,393	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(56,393	) 	
Issuance of stock related to stock-based compensation plans, including excess tax effect	 	 	250,959	  	 	 	3	  	 	 	2,408	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	5,766	  	 	 	(192	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2,219	  	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	6,797	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	6,797	  	
Other comprehensive loss	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(1,173	) 	 	 	(1,173	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 27, 2014	 	 	67,268,817	  	 	$	673	  	 	$	189,012	  	 	$	1,255,374	  	 	 	22,474,331	  	 	$	(955,613	) 	 	$	(1,185	) 	 	$	488,261	  	
Net income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	147,689	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	147,689	  	
Dividends ($0.30 per share)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(13,088	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(13,088	) 	
Purchases of common stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2,497,748	  	 	 	(161,152	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(161,152	) 	
Issuance of stock related to stock-based compensation plans, including excess tax effect	 	 	122,799	  	 	 	1	  	 	 	(96	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(95	) 	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	6,925	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	6,925	  	
Other comprehensive loss	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(2,303	) 	 	 	(2,303	) 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 26, 2015	 	 	67,391,616	  	 	$	674	  	 	$	195,841	  	 	$	1,389,975	  	 	 	24,972,079	  	 	$	(1,116,765	) 	 	$	(3,488	) 	 	$	466,237	  	
Net income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	137,350	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	137,350	  	
Dividends ($0.34 per share)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(14,332	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(14,332	) 	
Purchases of common stock	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	773,281	  	 	 	(50,516	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	(50,516	) 	
Issuance of stock related to stock-based compensation plans, including excess tax effect	 	 	194,059	  	 	 	2	  	 	 	826	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	2,181	  	 	 	(156	) 	 	 	 	 	 	 	672	  	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2,747	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2,747	  	
Other comprehensive income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	399	  	 	 	399	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance December 31, 2016	 	 	67,585,675	  	 	$	676	  	 	$	199,414	  	 	$	1,512,993	  	 	 	25,747,541	  	 	$	(1,167,437	) 	 	$	(3,089	) 	 	$	542,557	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary, Landstar System Holdings, Inc. (“LSHI”). Landstar System, Inc. and its subsidiary are herein referred to as “Landstar” or the “Company.” Significant intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with current year presentation.
Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the use of management’s estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fiscal Year
Landstar’s fiscal year is the 52 or 53 week period ending the last Saturday in December.
Revenue Recognition
When providing the physical transportation of freight, the Company is the primary obligor with respect to freight delivery and assumes the related credit risk. Accordingly, transportation revenue billed to customers for the physical transportation of freight and the related direct freight expenses are recognized on a gross basis upon completion of freight delivery. Reinsurance premiums of the insurance segment are recognized over the period earned, which is usually on a monthly basis. Fuel surcharges billed to customers for freight hauled by independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”) are excluded from revenue and paid in entirety to the BCO Independent Contractors.
Insurance Claim Costs
Landstar provides, primarily on an actuarially determined basis, for the estimated costs of cargo, property, casualty, general liability and workers’ compensation claims both reported and for claims incurred but not reported. For commercial trucking claims, Landstar retains liability up to $5,000,000 per occurrence. In addition, for commercial trucking claims incurred on or after May 1, 2016 through April 30, 2017, the Company retains liability up to an additional $700,000 in the aggregate on any claims exceeding its $5,000,000 per occurrence self-insured retention. The Company also retains liability of up to $1,000,000 for each general liability claim, up to $250,000 for each workers’ compensation claim and up to $250,000 for each cargo claim.
Tires
Tires purchased as part of trailing equipment are capitalized as part of the cost of the equipment. Replacement tires are charged to expense when placed in service.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Included in cash and cash equivalents are all investments, except those provided for collateral, with an original maturity of 3 months or less.
Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, short and long-term investments, trade and other accounts receivable, accounts payable, other accrued liabilities, current and non-current insurance claims and long-term debt plus current maturities (“Debt”). The carrying value of cash equivalents, trade and other accounts receivable, accounts payable, current insurance claims and other accrued liabilities approximate fair value as the assets and liabilities are short term in nature. Short and long-term
 
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investments are carried at fair value as further described in the “Investments” footnote below. The carrying value of non-current insurance claims approximates fair value as the Company generally has the ability to, but is not required to, settle claims in a short term. The Company’s Debt includes borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility, to the extent there are any, plus borrowings relating to capital lease obligations used to finance trailing equipment. The interest rates on borrowings under the revolving credit facility are typically tied to short-term LIBOR rates that adjust monthly and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Interest rates on borrowings under capital leases approximate the interest rates that would currently be available to the Company under similar terms and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value.
Trade and Other Receivables
The allowance for doubtful accounts for both trade and other receivables represents management’s estimate of the amount of outstanding receivables that will not be collected. Estimates are used to determine the allowance for doubtful accounts for both trade and other receivables and are generally based on specific identification, historical collection results, current economic trends and changes in payment trends. Following is a summary of the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for fiscal years ending December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 (in thousands):

 	  	Balance at
Beginning of
Period	 	  	Charged to
Costs and
Expenses	 	  	Write-offs,
Net of
Recoveries	 	  	Balance at
End of
Period	 	
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Trade receivables	  	$	4,327	 	  	$	2,772	 	  	$	(1,938	) 	  	$	5,161	 	
Other receivables	  	 	5,555	 	  	 	2,963	 	  	 	(1,969	) 	  	 	6,549	 	
Other non-current receivables	  	 	238	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	6	 	  	 	244	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	10,120	 	  	$	5,735	 	  	$	(3,901	) 	  	$	11,954	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2015	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Trade receivables	  	$	4,338	 	  	$	3,985	 	  	$	(3,996	) 	  	$	4,327	 	
Other receivables	  	 	5,103	 	  	 	1,897	 	  	 	(1,445	) 	  	 	5,555	 	
Other non-current receivables	  	 	230	 	  	 	8	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	238	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	9,671	 	  	$	5,890	 	  	$	(5,441	) 	  	$	10,120	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2014	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Trade receivables	  	$	3,773	 	  	$	2,893	 	  	$	(2,328	) 	  	$	4,338	 	
Other receivables	  	 	4,994	 	  	 	2,414	 	  	 	(2,305	) 	  	 	5,103	 	
Other non-current receivables	  	 	222	 	  	 	8	 	  	 	—  	 	  	 	230	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	8,989	 	  	$	5,315	 	  	$	(4,633	) 	  	$	9,671	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating Property
Operating property is recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and improvements are being depreciated over 30 years. Trailing equipment is being depreciated over 7 to 10 years. Information technology hardware and software included in other equipment is generally being depreciated over 3 to 7 years.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. The Company has one reporting unit within the transportation logistics segment that reports goodwill. The Company reviews its goodwill balance annually for impairment as a single reporting unit, unless circumstances dictate more frequent assessments, and in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08,  Testing Goodwill for Impairment . ASU 2011-08 permits an initial assessment, commonly referred to as “step zero”, of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and also provides a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test required by ASC Topic 350. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company performed the qualitative assessment of goodwill and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit would be greater than its carrying amount. Therefore, the Company determined it was not necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. Furthermore, there has been no historical impairment of the Company’s goodwill.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense is equal to the current year’s liability for income taxes and a provision for deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using
 
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the enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. During fiscal year 2016, the Company retrospectively adopted Accounting Standards Update 2015-17 –  Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes  (“ASU 2015-17”), which requires an entity to present deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Deferred tax assets in the prior period presented have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. See Note 4, Income Taxes, for further information.
Share-Based Payments
The Company’s share-based payment arrangements include restricted stock units (“RSU”), stock options and non-vested restricted stock. The fair value of an RSU with a performance condition is determined based on the market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant, discounted for lack of marketability for a minimum post-vesting holding requirement. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the Company reports compensation expense over the life of the award based on an estimated number of units that will vest over the life of the award, multiplied by the fair value of an RSU. The fair value of an RSU with a market condition is determined at the time of grant based on the expected achievement of the market condition at the end of each vesting period. With respect to RSU awards with a market condition, the Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period under an award based on the fair market value of the award at the time of grant, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Previously recognized compensation cost would be reversed, however, if the employee terminated employment prior to completing such requisite service period. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model and recognizes compensation cost for stock option awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. Forfeitures are estimated at grant date based on historical experience and anticipated employee turnover. The fair value of each share of non-vested restricted stock is based on the fair value of such share on the date of grant and compensation costs for non-vested restricted stock are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the award.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings per common share are based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding, including outstanding non-vested restricted stock. Diluted earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the incremental shares that would have been outstanding upon the assumed exercise of all dilutive stock options.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate earnings per common share to the average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share (in thousands):

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Average number of common shares outstanding	  	 	42,112	  	  	 	43,664	  	  	 	44,956	  	
Incremental shares from assumed exercises of stock options	  	 	124	  	  	 	149	  	  	 	213	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding	  	 	42,236	  	  	 	43,813	  	  	 	45,169	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, no options outstanding to purchase shares of Common Stock were antidilutive. Outstanding RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for all periods because the performance metric requirements or market condition for vesting had not been satisfied.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of the Company’s Canadian operation are translated from their functional currency to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average monthly exchange rates during the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Transactional gains and losses arising from receivable and payable balances, including intercompany balances, in the normal course of business that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the operation are recorded in the statements of income when they occur.
 
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(2) Other Comprehensive Income
The following table presents the components of and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of related income taxes, as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 (in thousands):

 	  	Unrealized
Holding Gains
(Losses)  on
Available-for-Sale
Securities	 	  	Foreign Currency
Translation	 	  	Total	 	
Balance as of December 28, 2013	  	$	244	  	  	$	(256	) 	  	$	(12	) 	
Other comprehensive loss	  	 	(139	) 	  	 	(1,034	) 	  	 	(1,173	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance as of December 27, 2014	  	 	105	  	  	 	(1,290	) 	  	 	(1,185	) 	
Other comprehensive loss	  	 	(199	) 	  	 	(2,104	) 	  	 	(2,303	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance as of December 26, 2015	  	 	(94	) 	  	 	(3,394	) 	  	 	(3,488	) 	
Other comprehensive income	  	 	23	  	  	 	376	  	  	 	399	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2016	  	$	(71	) 	  	$	(3,018	) 	  	$	(3,089	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to investment income due to the realization of previously unrealized gains and losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income were not significant for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014.
(3) Investments
Investments include primarily investment-grade corporate bonds and U.S. Treasury obligations having maturities of up to five years (the “bond portfolio”). Investments in the bond portfolio are reported as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Investments maturing less than one year from the balance sheet date are included in short-term investments and investments maturing more than one year from the balance sheet date are included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Management performs an analysis of the nature of the unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments to determine whether such losses are other-than-temporary. Unrealized losses, representing the excess of the purchase price of an investment over its fair value as of the end of a period, considered to be other-than-temporary, are to be included as a charge in the statement of income, while unrealized losses considered to be temporary are to be included as a component of shareholders’ equity. Investments whose values are based on quoted market prices in active markets are classified within Level 1. Investments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market prices, are classified within Level 2. As Level 2 investments include positions that are not traded in active markets, valuations may be adjusted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, which are generally based on available market information. Any transfers between levels are recognized as of the beginning of any reporting period. Fair value of the bond portfolio was determined using Level 1 inputs related to U.S. Treasury obligations and money market investments and Level 2 inputs related to investment-grade corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and direct obligations of government agencies. Unrealized losses, net of unrealized gains, on the investments in the bond portfolio were $109,000 and $145,000 at December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair values of available-for-sale investments are as follows at December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015 (in thousands):    

 	  	 	 	  	Gross	 	  	Gross	 	  	 	 	
 	  	Amortized
Cost	 	  	Unrealized
Gains	 	  	Unrealized
Losses	 	  	Fair
Value	 	
December 31, 2016	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Money market investments	  	$	12,395	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	12,395	  	
Asset-backed securities	  	 	4,027	  	  	 	3	  	  	 	19	  	  	 	4,011	  	
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies	  	 	70,069	  	  	 	150	  	  	 	239	  	  	 	69,980	  	
U.S. Treasury obligations	  	 	23,037	  	  	 	2	  	  	 	6	  	  	 	23,033	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	109,528	  	  	$	155	  	  	$	264	  	  	$	109,419	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
December 26, 2015	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
Money market investments	  	$	7,594	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	7,594	  	
Asset-backed securities	  	 	4,523	  	  	 	1	  	  	 	58	  	  	 	4,466	  	
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies	  	 	76,839	  	  	 	190	  	  	 	270	  	  	 	76,759	  	
U.S. Treasury obligations	  	 	19,273	  	  	 	5	  	  	 	13	  	  	 	19,265	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	108,229	  	  	$	196	  	  	$	341	  	  	$	108,084	  	

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For those available-for-sale investments with unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, the following table summarizes the duration of the unrealized loss (in thousands):

 	  	Less than 12 months	 	  	12 months or longer	 	  	Total	 	
 	  	Fair
Value	 	  	Unrealized
Loss	 	  	Fair
Value	 	  	Unrealized
Loss	 	  	Fair
Value	 	  	Unrealized
Loss	 	
December 31, 2016	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset-backed securities	  	$	1,363	  	  	$	6	  	  	$	2,314	  	  	$	13	  	  	$	3,677	  	  	$	19	  	
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies	  	 	28,809	  	  	 	195	  	  	 	1,367	  	  	 	44	  	  	 	30,176	  	  	 	239	  	
U.S. Treasury obligations	  	 	12,734	  	  	 	6	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	12,734	  	  	 	6	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	42,906	  	  	$	207	  	  	$	3,681	  	  	$	57	  	  	$	46,587	  	  	$	264	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
December 26, 2015	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset-backed securities	  	$	4,422	  	  	$	58	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	—  	  	  	$	4,422	  	  	$	58	  	
Corporate bonds and direct obligations of government agencies	  	 	39,276	  	  	 	217	  	  	 	562	  	  	 	53	  	  	 	39,838	  	  	 	270	  	
U.S. Treasury obligations	  	 	15,093	  	  	 	13	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	15,093	  	  	 	13	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	58,791	  	  	$	288	  	  	$	562	  	  	$	53	  	  	$	59,353	  	  	$	341	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company believes that unrealized losses on investments were primarily caused by rising interest rates rather than changes in credit quality. The Company expects to recover the amortized cost basis of these securities as it does not intend to sell, and does not anticipate being required to sell, these securities before recovery of the cost basis. For these reasons, the Company does not consider the unrealized losses on these securities to be other-than-temporary at December 31, 2016.
Short-term investments include $66,560,000 in current maturities of investments held by the Company’s insurance segment at December 31, 2016. The non-current portion of the bond portfolio of $42,859,000 is included in other assets. The short-term investments, together with $1,340,000 of non-current investments, provide collateral for the $61,110,000 of letters of credit issued to guarantee payment of insurance claims.
Investment income represents the earnings on the insurance segment’s assets. Investment income earned from the assets of the insurance segment are included as a component of operating income as the investment of these assets is critical to providing collateral, liquidity and earnings with respect to the operation of the Company’s insurance programs.
(4) Income Taxes
The provisions for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Current:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Federal	  	$	68,548	  	  	$	74,289	  	  	$	68,722	  	
State	  	 	6,668	  	  	 	9,550	  	  	 	7,031	  	
Canadian	  	 	563	  	  	 	437	  	  	 	1,199	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total current	  	$	75,779	  	  	$	84,276	  	  	$	76,952	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Federal	  	$	6,104	  	  	$	6,524	  	  	$	5,234	  	
State	  	 	224	  	  	 	268	  	  	 	200	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred	  	$	6,328	  	  	$	6,792	  	  	$	5,434	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income taxes	  	$	82,107	  	  	$	91,068	  	  	$	82,386	  	

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During fiscal year 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2015-17 – Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”), which requires an entity to present deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The Company reclassified $6,552,000 of current deferred tax assets to noncurrent to conform to the current year presentation and this amount is now included in deferred income taxes and other noncurrent liabilities in the December 26, 2015 consolidated balance sheet.
Temporary differences and carryforwards which gave rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

 	  	Dec. 31, 2016	 	  	Dec. 26, 2015	 	
Deferred tax assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Receivable valuations	  	$	4,518	  	  	$	3,832	  	
Share-based payments	  	 	1,185	  	  	 	2,894	  	
Self-insured claims	  	 	6,270	  	  	 	4,132	  	
Other	  	 	4,336	  	  	 	3,836	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred tax assets	  	$	16,309	  	  	$	14,694	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred tax liabilities:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating property	  	$	59,720	  	  	$	52,547	  	
Goodwill	  	 	5,883	  	  	 	5,877	  	
Other	  	 	2,851	  	  	 	2,087	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total deferred tax liabilities	  	$	68,454	  	  	$	60,511	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net deferred tax liability	  	$	52,145	  	  	$	45,817	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The following table summarizes the differences between income taxes calculated at the federal income tax rate of 35% on income before income taxes and the provisions for income taxes (in thousands):

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Income taxes at federal income tax rate	  	$	76,810	  	  	$	83,565	  	  	$	77,418	  	
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	  	 	4,505	  	  	 	7,201	  	  	 	4,532	  	
Meals and entertainment exclusion	  	 	958	  	  	 	946	  	  	 	777	  	
Share-based payments	  	 	(239	) 	  	 	(61	) 	  	 	(239	) 	
Other, net	  	 	73	  	  	 	(583	) 	  	 	(102	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income taxes	  	$	82,107	  	  	$	91,068	  	  	$	82,386	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company or its subsidiaries file state tax returns in the majority of the U.S. state tax jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries are no longer subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for 2012 and prior years. The Company’s wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Landstar Canada, Inc., is subject to Canadian income and other taxes.
As of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, the Company had $1,829,000 and $1,899,000, respectively, of net unrecognized tax benefits representing the provision for the uncertainty of certain tax positions plus a component of interest and penalties. Estimated interest and penalties on the provision for the uncertainty of certain tax positions is included in income tax expense. At December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015 there was $547,000 and $727,000, respectively, accrued for estimated interest and penalties related to the uncertainty of certain tax positions. The Company does not currently anticipate any significant increase or decrease to the unrecognized tax benefit during fiscal year 2017.
 
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The following table summarizes the rollforward of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	
Gross unrecognized tax benefits – beginning of the year	  	$	2,704	 	  	$	2,620	 	
Gross increases related to current year tax positions	  	 	428	 	  	 	482	 	
Gross increases related to prior year tax positions	  	 	596	 	  	 	340	 	
Gross decreases related to prior year tax positions	  	 	(399	) 	  	 	(195	) 	
Settlements	  	 	(133	) 	  	 	—  	 	
Lapse of statute of limitations	  	 	(561	) 	  	 	(543	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Gross unrecognized tax benefits – end of the year	  	$	2,635	 	  	$	2,704	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar paid income taxes of $69,067,000 in fiscal year 2016, $74,619,000 in fiscal year 2015 and $98,506,000 in fiscal year 2014.
(5) Operating Property
Operating property is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Dec. 31, 2016	 	  	Dec. 26, 2015	 	
Land	  	$	15,259	 	  	$	9,148	 	
Buildings and improvements	  	 	56,413	 	  	 	39,532	 	
Trailing equipment	  	 	342,813	 	  	 	311,449	 	
Other equipment	  	 	48,732	 	  	 	48,389	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total operating property, gross	  	 	463,217	 	  	 	408,518	 	
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	  	 	190,374	 	  	 	182,591	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total operating property, net	  	$	272,843	 	  	$	225,927	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Included above is $249,717,000 in fiscal year 2016 and $222,428,000 in fiscal year 2015 of operating property under capital leases, $183,763,000 and $164,501,000, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Landstar acquired operating property by entering into capital leases in the amount of $61,504,000 in fiscal year 2016, $49,491,000 in fiscal year 2015 and $47,232,000 in fiscal year 2014.
(6) Retirement Plan
Landstar sponsors an Internal Revenue Code section 401(k) defined contribution plan for the benefit of full-time employees who have completed one year of service. Eligible employees make voluntary contributions up to 75% of their base salary, subject to certain limitations. Landstar contributes an amount equal to 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2% of such contributions, subject to certain limitations.
The expense for the Company-sponsored defined contribution plan included in selling, general and administrative expense was $2,074,000 in fiscal year 2016, $1,901,000 in fiscal year 2015 and $1,718,000 in fiscal year 2014.
(7) Debt
Other than the capital lease obligations as presented on the consolidated balance sheets, the Company had no outstanding debt as of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015.
On June 2, 2016, Landstar entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement, which matures on June 2, 2021, provides $250,000,000 of borrowing capacity in the form of a revolving credit facility, $50,000,000 of which may be utilized in the form of letter of credit guarantees. The Credit Agreement includes an “accordion” feature providing for a possible increase up to an aggregate borrowing amount of $400,000,000. The Company’s prior credit agreement was terminated on June 2, 2016. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are unsecured, however, all but two of the Company’s subsidiaries guarantee the obligations under the Credit Agreement. Any future amounts that may become outstanding under the Credit Agreement are payable on June 2, 2021, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement.
 
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Depending upon the specific type of borrowing, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest based on either (a) the prime rate, (b) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York rate plus 0.5% or (c) the London Interbank Offered Rate, plus 1.25%. The unused portion of the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement carries a commitment fee determined based on the level of the Leverage Ratio. The commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement ranges from .15% to .25%, based on achieving certain levels of the Leverage Ratio. As of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that limit, among other things, the incurrence of additional indebtedness. The Company is required to, among other things, maintain a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, and maintain a Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, below a specified maximum. The Credit Agreement provides for a restriction on cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders on the Company’s capital stock to the extent there is a default under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement under certain circumstances limits the amount of such cash dividends and other distributions to stockholders to the extent that, after giving effect to any payment made to effect such cash dividend or other distribution, the Leverage Ratio would exceed 2.5 to 1 on a pro forma basis as of the end of the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter. The Credit Agreement provides for an event of default in the event that, among other things, a person or group acquires 35% or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Company or obtains power to elect a majority of the Company’s directors or the directors cease to consist of a majority of Continuing Directors, as defined in the Credit Agreement. None of these covenants are presently considered by management to be materially restrictive to the Company’s operations, capital resources or liquidity. The Company is currently in compliance with all of the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement.
The interest rates on borrowings under the revolving credit facility are typically tied to short-term LIBOR rates that adjust monthly and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value. Interest rates on borrowings under capital leases approximate the interest rates that would currently be available to the Company under similar terms and, as such, carrying value approximates fair value.
Landstar paid interest of $3,794,000 in fiscal year 2016, $3,012,000 in fiscal year 2015 and $3,229,000 in fiscal year 2014.
(8) Leases
The future minimum lease payments under all noncancelable leases at December 31, 2016, principally for trailing equipment, are shown in the following table (in thousands):

 	  	Capital
Leases	 	  	Operating
Leases	 	
2017	  	$	47,860	  	  	$	634	  	
2018	  	 	37,654	  	  	 	424	  	
2019	  	 	29,431	  	  	 	123	  	
2020	  	 	22,054	  	  	 	53	  	
2021	  	 	7,572	  	  	 	53	  	
Thereafter	  	 	—  	  	  	 	264	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total future minimum lease payments	  	 	144,571	  	  	$	1,551	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Less amount representing interest (2.0% to 3.1%)	  	 	6,267	  	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Present value of minimum lease payments	  	$	138,304	  	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total rent expense/income, net of sublease income, was $1,641,000 income in fiscal year 2016, $318,000 expense in fiscal year 2015 and $587,000 income in fiscal year 2014.
(9) Share-Based Payment Arrangements
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had two employee equity incentive plans, the 2002 employee stock option and stock incentive plan (the “ESOSIP”) and the 2011 equity incentive plan (the “2011 EIP”). No further grants can be made under the ESOSIP. The Company also has a stock compensation plan for members of its Board of Directors, the Amended and Restated 2013 Directors Stock Compensation Plan (as amended and restated as of May 17, 2016, the “2013 DSCP”). 6,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock were authorized for issuance under the 2011 EIP and 115,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock were authorized for issuance under the 2013 DSCP. The ESOSIP, 2011 EIP and 2013 DSCP are each referred to herein as a “Plan,” and, collectively, as the “Plans.” Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to these Plans are as follows (in thousands):

 	  	Fiscal Years	 	
 	  	2016	 	  	2015	 	  	2014	 	
Total cost of the Plans during the period	  	$	2,747	  	  	$	6,925	  	  	$	6,797	  	
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized during the period	  	 	(1,238	) 	  	 	(2,432	) 	  	 	(3,171	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net cost of the Plans during the period	  	$	1,509	  	  	$	4,493	  	  	$	3,626	  	

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Included in income tax benefits recognized in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015 were income tax benefits of $451,000 and $383,000, respectively, recognized on disqualifying dispositions of the Company’s Common Stock by employees who obtained shares of Common Stock through exercises of incentive stock options.
As of December 31, 2016, there were 86,572 shares of the Company’s Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2013 DSCP and 5,000,732 shares of the Company’s Common Stock reserved for issuance in the aggregate under the ESOSIP and 2011 EIP.
Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards under the Plans:

 	  	Number of	 	  	Weighted Average
Grant Date	 	
 	  	RSUs	 	  	Fair Value	 	
Outstanding at December 28, 2013	  	 	308,007	  	  	$	49.63	  	
Granted	  	 	146,000	  	  	$	53.11	  	
Vested	  	 	(24,641	) 	  	$	51.47	  	
Forfeited	  	 	(3,736	) 	  	$	49.53	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding at December 27, 2014	  	 	425,630	  	  	$	50.72	  	
Granted	  	 	111,922	  	  	$	53.30	  	
Vested	  	 	(91,382	) 	  	$	51.98	  	
Forfeited	  	 	(2,013	) 	  	$	52.81	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding at December 26, 2015	  	 	444,157	  	  	$	51.10	  	
Granted	  	 	79,948	  	  	$	51.58	  	
Vested	  	 	(81,344	) 	  	$	53.08	  	
Forfeited	  	 	(64,523	) 	  	$	52.99	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	  	 	378,238	  	  	$	50.46	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
During fiscal years 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Company granted RSUs with a performance condition. During fiscal year 2015, the Company also issued RSUs with a market condition, as further described below.
RSUs with a performance condition vest over a 5 year period from the date of grant based on growth in operating income and diluted earnings per share as compared to a base year, being the year immediately preceding the year of grant. RSUs with a performance condition granted on January 29, 2016 may vest on January 31 of 2019, 2020 and 2021 based on growth in operating income and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations as compared to the results from the 2015 fiscal year. At the time of grant, the target number of common shares available for issuance under the January 29, 2016 and January 27, 2015 grants equals 100% of the number of RSUs granted, and the maximum number of common shares available for issuance under the January 29, 2016 and January 27, 2015 grants equals 200% of the number of RSUs granted. In the event actual results exceed the target, the number of shares that will be granted will exceed the number of RSUs granted. The maximum number of common shares available for issuance under grants made prior to 2015 equals 100% of the number of RSUs granted. The fair value of an RSU with a performance condition was determined based on the market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant, discounted for lack of marketability for a minimum post-vesting holding requirement. The discount rate due to lack of marketability used for RSU award grants with a performance condition for all periods was 7%. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the Company reports compensation expense over the life of the award based on an estimated number of units that will vest over the life of the award, multiplied by the fair value of an RSU.
On May 1, 2015, the Company granted 20,000 RSUs that vest based on a market condition. These RSUs may vest on April 30 of 2019, 2020 and 2021 based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) compound annual growth rate over the vesting periods, adjusted to reflect dividends (if any) paid during such periods and capital adjustments as may be necessary. The target number
 
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of common shares available for issuance under the May 1, 2015 grant equals 100% of the number of RSUs granted, and the maximum number of common shares available for issuance under the May 1, 2015 grant equals 150% of the number of RSUs granted. In the event actual results exceed the target TSR compound annual growth rate, the number of shares that will be granted will exceed the number of RSUs granted. The fair value of this RSU award was determined at the time of grant based on the expected achievement of the market condition at the end of each vesting period. With respect to these RSU awards with a market condition, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period under an award based on the fair market value of the award at the time of grant, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Previously recognized compensation cost would be reversed, however, if the employee terminated employment prior to completing such requisite service period.
The Company recognized approximately $849,000, $4,943,000 and $4,443,000 of share-based compensation expense related to RSU awards in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, there was a maximum of $27 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSU awards granted under the Plans with an expected average remaining life of approximately 2.6 years. Included in the $27 million of total unrecognized compensation cost is $2.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to 54,102 unvested units granted in 2012, which forfeited during the first fiscal quarter of 2017. With respect to RSU awards with a performance condition, the amount of future compensation expense to be recognized will be determined based on future operating results.
Stock Options
Options granted under the Plans generally become exercisable in either five equal annual installments commencing on the first anniversary of the date of grant or 100% on the fifth anniversary from the date of grant, subject to acceleration in certain circumstances. All options granted under the Plans expire on the tenth anniversary of the date of grant. Under the Plans, the exercise price of each option equals the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant.
The fair value of each option grant on its grant date was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for the grant made in fiscal year 2014:

Expected volatility	  	26.0%	
Expected dividend yield	  	0.43%	
Risk-free interest rate	  	1.50%	
Expected lives (in years)	  	4.0	
The Company utilizes historical data, including exercise patterns and employee departure behavior, in estimating the term that options will be outstanding. Expected volatility was based on historical volatility and other factors, such as expected changes in volatility arising from planned changes to the Company’s business, if any. The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds for terms that approximated the terms of the options granted. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during fiscal year 2014 was $12.70 per share.
The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding stock options under the Plans:

 	  	Options Outstanding	 	  	Options Exercisable	 	
 	  	Number of
Options	 	  	Weighted Average
Exercise Price
per Share	 	  	Number of
Options	 	  	Weighted Average
Exercise Price
per Share	 	
Options at December 28, 2013	  	 	1,454,816	  	  	$	44.55	  	  	 	693,516	  	  	$	42.29	  	
Granted	  	 	1,000	  	  	$	58.06	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Exercised	  	 	(615,077	) 	  	$	41.27	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(66,900	) 	  	$	47.51	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options at December 27, 2014	  	 	773,839	  	  	$	46.92	  	  	 	379,389	  	  	$	44.61	  	
Exercised	  	 	(133,518	) 	  	$	45.25	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(3,100	) 	  	$	52.91	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options at December 26, 2015	  	 	637,221	  	  	$	47.24	  	  	 	415,121	  	  	$	45.12	  	
Exercised	  	 	(257,460	) 	  	$	45.63	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Forfeited	  	 	(7,200	) 	  	$	53.63	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options at December 31, 2016	  	 	372,561	  	  	$	48.24	  	  	 	282,461	  	  	$	46.39	  	

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The following tables summarize stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2016:

 	  	Options Outstanding	 	
Range of Exercise Prices Per Share	  	Number
Outstanding	 	  	Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual
Term (years)	  	Weighted Average
Exercise Price
per Share	 	
$35.64 - $40.00  	  	 	48,719	  	  	2.6	  	$	36.96	  	
$40.01 - $45.00  	  	 	95,888	  	  	3.5	  	$	41.76	  	
$45.01 - $58.06  	  	 	227,954	  	  	5.3	  	$	53.37	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	372,561	  	  	4.5	  	$	48.24	  	

 	  	Options Exercisable	 	
Range of Exercise Prices Per Share	  	Number
Exercisable	 	  	Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual
Term (years)	  	Weighted Average
Exercise Price
per Share	 	
$35.64 - $40.00  	  	 	48,719	  	  	2.6	  	$	36.96	  	
$40.01 - $45.00  	  	 	95,888	  	  	3.5	  	$	41.76	  	
$45.01 - $56.40  	  	 	137,854	  	  	5.1	  	$	52.94	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	282,461	  	  	4.1	  	$	46.39	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	  	 	 	 	
At December 31, 2016, the total intrinsic value of options outstanding was $13,809,000. At December 31, 2016, the total intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable was $10,991,000. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $7,427,000, $2,954,000 and $14,573,000, respectively.
As of December 31, 2016, there was $365,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted under the Plans. The unrecognized compensation cost related to these non-vested options is expected to be recognized during 2017.
Non-vested Restricted Stock
The 2011 EIP provides the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors with the authority to issue shares of Common Stock of the Company, subject to certain vesting and other restrictions on transfer (“restricted stock”).
The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding non-vested restricted stock under the Plans:

 	  	Number of
Shares	 	  	Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value	 	
Outstanding at December 28, 2013	  	 	38,193	  	  	$	46.75	  	
Granted	  	 	7,124	  	  	$	63.17	  	
Vested	  	 	(19,196	) 	  	$	41.85	  	
Forfeited	  	 	(2,768	) 	  	$	54.20	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding at December 27, 2014	  	 	23,353	  	  	$	54.90	  	
Granted	  	 	1,197	  	  	$	62.46	  	
Vested	  	 	(6,490	) 	  	$	57.79	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding at December 26, 2015	  	 	18,060	  	  	$	54.36	  	
Granted	  	 	26,033	  	  	$	58.53	  	
Vested	  	 	(15,684	) 	  	$	53.03	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	  	 	28,409	  	  	$	58.91	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The fair value of each share of non-vested restricted stock issued under the Plans is based on the fair value of a share of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant. Shares of non-vested restricted stock are generally subject to vesting in three equal annual installments or 100% on the first, third or fifth anniversary of the date of the grant. The shares of restricted stock remain subject to forfeiture unless the grantee remains continuously employed with the Company or a subsidiary thereof through the applicable vesting date.
As of December 31, 2016, there was $953,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested shares of restricted stock granted under the Plans. The unrecognized compensation cost related to these non-vested shares of restricted stock is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.
 
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Directors’ Stock Compensation Plan
Commencing as of the 2016 annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company (an “Annual Meeting”), Directors of the Company who are not employees of the Company (each an “Eligible Director”) are entitled under the 2013 DSCP to receive a grant of such number of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the quotient of $110,000 divided by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date immediately following the date of each Annual Meeting. With respect to the 2016 Annual Meeting only, each Eligible Director who was designated as a Class III director instead received a number of shares equal to the quotient of $35,000 divided by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock. Prior to the 2016 Annual Meeting, upon election or re-election to the Board of Directors for a three year term, Eligible Directors received a grant of such number of restricted shares of the Company’s Common Stock equal to the quotient of $225,000 divided by the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date immediately following the date of such Eligible Director’s re-election or election to the Board. In fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, 7,762, 1,197 and 7,124 restricted shares, respectively, were granted to Eligible Directors. Restricted shares granted in 2016 vest on the date of the next Annual Meeting. Restricted shares granted prior to 2016 generally vest in three equal annual installments on the first three annual anniversary dates of the date of grant. During fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, $591,000, $419,000 and $331,000, respectively, of compensation cost was recorded for the grant of these restricted shares.
(10) Equity
On May 19, 2015, the Landstar System, Inc. Board of Directors authorized the Company to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock that the Company is authorized to purchase from time to time in the open market and in privately negotiated transactions under a previously announced purchase program to 3,000,000 shares. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has authorization to purchase 1,036,125 shares of its Common Stock under this program. No specific expiration date has been assigned to the May 19, 2015 authorization. During fiscal year 2016, Landstar purchased a total of 773,281 shares of its Common Stock at a total cost of $50,516,000 pursuant to its previously announced stock purchase program.
The Company has 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized and unissued.
(11) Commitments and Contingencies
At December 31, 2016, in addition to the $61,110,000 letters of credit secured by investments, Landstar had $35,599,000 of letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising from the normal conduct of business. Many of these claims are covered in whole or in part by insurance. Based on knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, opinions of outside counsel, management believes that adequate provisions have been made for probable losses with respect to the resolution of all such claims and pending litigation and that the ultimate outcome, after provisions therefor, will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, but could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or year.
(12) Segment Information
Landstar markets its integrated transportation management solutions primarily through independent commission sales agents and exclusively utilizes third party capacity providers to transport customers’ freight. Landstar’s independent commission sales agents enter into contractual arrangements with the Company and are responsible for locating freight, making that freight available to Landstar’s capacity providers and coordinating the transportation of the freight with customers and capacity providers. The Company’s third party capacity providers consist of independent contractors who provide truck capacity to the Company under exclusive lease arrangements (the “BCO Independent Contractors”), unrelated trucking companies who provide truck capacity to the Company under non-exclusive contractual arrangements (the “Truck Brokerage Carriers”), air cargo carriers, ocean cargo carriers and railroads. Through this network of agents and capacity providers linked together by Landstar’s information technology systems, Landstar operates an integrated transportation management solutions business primarily throughout North America with revenue of $3.2 billion during the most recently completed fiscal year. The Company reports the results of two operating segments: the transportation logistics segment and the insurance segment.
The transportation logistics segment provides a wide range of integrated transportation management solutions. Transportation services offered by the Company include truckload and less-than-truckload transportation, rail intermodal, air cargo, ocean cargo, expedited ground and air delivery of time-critical freight, heavy-haul/specialized, U.S.-Canada and U.S.-Mexico cross-border, project cargo and customs brokerage. Examples of the industries serviced by the transportation logistics segment include automotive
 
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products, building products, metals, chemicals, foodstuffs, heavy machinery, retail, electronics, ammunition and explosives and military equipment. In addition, the transportation logistics segment provides transportation services to other transportation companies, including third party logistics and less-than-truckload service providers. Each of the independent commission sales agents has the opportunity to market all of the services provided by the transportation logistics segment. Billings for freight transportation services are typically charged to customers on a per shipment basis for the physical transportation of freight.
The insurance segment is comprised of Signature Insurance Company (“Signature”), a wholly owned offshore insurance subsidiary, and Risk Management Claim Services, Inc. The insurance segment provides risk and claims management services to certain of Landstar’s operating subsidiaries. In addition, it reinsures certain risks of the Company’s BCO Independent Contractors and provides certain property and casualty insurance directly to certain of Landstar’s operating subsidiaries. Revenue at the insurance segment represents reinsurance premiums from third party insurance companies that provide insurance programs to BCO Independent Contractors where all or a portion of the risk is ultimately borne by Signature. Internal revenue for premiums billed by the insurance segment to the transportation logistics segment is calculated each fiscal period based primarily on an actuarial calculation of historical loss experience and is believed to approximate the cost that would have been incurred by the transportation logistics segment had similar insurance been obtained from an unrelated third party.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates a segment’s performance based on operating income.
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated in North America, primarily through customers located in the United States.
The following tables summarize information about the Company’s reportable business segments as of and for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 (in thousands):

 	  	Transportation	 	  	 	 	  	 	 	
 	  	Logistics	 	  	Insurance	 	  	Total	 	
2016	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
External revenue	  	$	3,121,210	  	  	$	46,424	  	  	$	3,167,634	  	
Internal revenue	  	 	 	 	  	 	36,118	  	  	 	36,118	  	
Investment income	  	 	 	 	  	 	1,502	  	  	 	1,502	  	
Interest and debt expense	  	 	3,794	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	3,794	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	35,796	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	35,796	  	
Operating income	  	 	187,813	  	  	 	35,438	  	  	 	223,251	  	
Expenditures on long-lived assets	  	 	22,645	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	22,645	  	
Goodwill	  	 	31,134	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	31,134	  	
Capital lease additions	  	 	61,504	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	61,504	  	
Total assets	  	 	913,667	  	  	 	182,924	  	  	 	1,096,591	  	
 	 	 	 	
2015	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
External revenue	  	$	3,276,677	  	  	$	44,414	  	  	$	3,321,091	  	
Internal revenue	  	 	 	 	  	 	31,342	  	  	 	31,342	  	
Investment income	  	 	 	 	  	 	1,396	  	  	 	1,396	  	
Interest and debt expense	  	 	2,949	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	2,949	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	29,102	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	29,102	  	
Operating income	  	 	207,883	  	  	 	33,823	  	  	 	241,706	  	
Expenditures on long-lived assets	  	 	4,804	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	4,804	  	
Goodwill	  	 	31,134	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	31,134	  	
Capital lease additions	  	 	49,491	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	49,491	  	
Total assets	  	 	842,550	  	  	 	148,968	  	  	 	991,518	  	
 	 	 	 	
2014	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
External revenue	  	$	3,145,413	  	  	$	39,377	  	  	$	3,184,790	  	
Internal revenue	  	 	 	 	  	 	28,164	  	  	 	28,164	  	
Investment income	  	 	 	 	  	 	1,381	  	  	 	1,381	  	
Interest and debt expense	  	 	3,177	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	3,177	  	
Depreciation and amortization	  	 	27,575	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	27,575	  	
Operating income	  	 	193,914	  	  	 	30,458	  	  	 	224,372	  	
Expenditures on long-lived assets	  	 	10,539	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	10,539	  	
Goodwill	  	 	31,134	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	31,134	  	
Capital lease additions	  	 	47,232	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	47,232	  	
Total assets	  	 	911,193	  	  	 	126,423	  	  	 	1,037,616	  	
 
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(13) Change in Accounting Estimate for Self-Insured Claims
Landstar provides for the estimated costs of self-insured claims primarily on an actuarial basis. The amount recorded for the estimated liability for claims incurred is based upon the facts and circumstances known on the applicable balance sheet date. The ultimate resolution of these claims may be for an amount greater or less than the amount estimated by management. The Company continually revises its existing claim estimates as new or revised information becomes available on the status of each claim. Historically, the Company has experienced both favorable and unfavorable development of prior years’ claims estimates.
The following table summarizes the effect of the increase in the cost of insurance claims resulting from unfavorable development of prior year self-insured claims estimates on operating income, net income and earnings per share amounts in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 	  	Fiscal Years Ended	 	
 	  	December 31,
2016	 	  	December 26,
2015	 	  	December 27,
2014	 	
Operating income	  	$	1,079	  	  	$	4,852	  	  	$	6,664	  	
Net income	  	 	667	  	  	 	2,999	  	  	 	4,118	  	
 	 	 	 	
Earnings per share	  	$	0.02	  	  	$	0.07	  	  	$	0.09	  	
Diluted earnings per share	  	$	0.02	  	  	$	0.07	  	  	$	0.09	  	
(14) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 -  Revenue from Contracts with Customers  (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition model requiring a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount reflecting the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In adopting ASU 2014-09, companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved deferring the effective date by one year to December 15, 2017 for annual reporting periods beginning after that date. The FASB also approved permitting early adoption of the standard, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. ASU 2014-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17 – Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The Company adopted this guidance during the first fiscal quarter of 2016 and applied it retrospectively. Deferred tax assets in the prior period presented have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. See Note 4, Income Taxes, for further information.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 – Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires a company to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments measured at the present value of the lease payments for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. Companies are required to use a modified retrospective transition approach to recognize leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein, and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2016-02 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 – Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting  (“ASU 2016-09”), which is intended to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein. Although it is difficult to predict the impact as it is dependent on the timing and intrinsic value of future share-based compensation award vesting and exercises, ASU 2016-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13– Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments  (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires measurement and recognition of expected versus incurred credit losses for financial assets held. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods therein. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its financial statements.
 
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Landstar System, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Landstar System, Inc. and subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Landstar System, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Landstar System, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 24, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Jacksonville, Florida
February 24, 2017
Certified Public Accountants
 
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LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

 	  	Fourth
Quarter
2016	 	  	Third
Quarter
2016	 	  	Second
Quarter
2016	 	  	First
Quarter
2016	 	
Revenue	  	$	892,829	  	  	$	787,938	  	  	$	775,223	  	  	$	711,644	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating income	  	$	63,765	  	  	$	58,461	  	  	$	53,093	  	  	$	47,932	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	62,696	  	  	$	57,513	  	  	$	52,205	  	  	$	47,043	  	
Income taxes	  	 	23,122	  	  	 	21,235	  	  	 	19,891	  	  	 	17,859	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	39,574	  	  	$	36,278	  	  	$	32,314	  	  	$	29,184	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Earnings per common share (1)	  	$	0.95	  	  	$	0.86	  	  	$	0.77	  	  	$	0.69	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per share (1)	  	$	0.94	  	  	$	0.86	  	  	$	0.76	  	  	$	0.69	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Dividends per common share	  	$	0.09	  	  	$	0.09	  	  	$	0.08	  	  	$	0.08	  	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	Fourth
Quarter
2015	 	  	Third
Quarter
2015	 	  	Second
Quarter
2015	 	  	First
Quarter
2015	 	
Revenue	  	$	848,602	  	  	$	841,726	  	  	$	868,383	  	  	$	762,380	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating income	  	$	62,648	  	  	$	63,980	  	  	$	66,033	  	  	$	49,045	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income before income taxes	  	$	61,907	  	  	$	63,266	  	  	$	65,320	  	  	$	48,264	  	
Income taxes	  	 	24,052	  	  	 	23,918	  	  	 	24,849	  	  	 	18,249	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net income	  	$	37,855	  	  	$	39,348	  	  	$	40,471	  	  	$	30,015	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Earnings per common share (1)	  	$	0.89	  	  	$	0.91	  	  	$	0.92	  	  	$	0.67	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted earnings per share (1)	  	$	0.88	  	  	$	0.90	  	  	$	0.92	  	  	$	0.67	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Dividends per common share	  	$	0.08	  	  	$	0.08	  	  	$	0.07	  	  	$	0.07	  	

(1)	Due to the changes in the number of average common shares and common stock equivalents outstanding during the year, the sum of earnings per share amounts for each quarter do not necessarily sum in the aggregate to the earnings per share amounts for the full year.	
 
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Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	
None.
 
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2016 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, Company management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Because of the inherent limitation in any control system, no evaluation or implementation of a control system can provide complete assurance that all control issues and all possible instances of fraud have been or will be detected.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
(a) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
Management, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. This assessment was performed using the criteria established under the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error or circumvention or overriding of internal control. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and reporting and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Based on the assessment performed using the criteria established by COSO, management has concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016.
 
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KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Such report appears immediately below.
(b) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Landstar System, Inc.:
We have audited Landstar System, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in  Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Landstar System, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Landstar System, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in  Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)  issued by COSO .
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Landstar System, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, and our report dated February 24, 2017, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Jacksonville, Florida
February 24, 2017
Certified Public Accountants
 
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(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B.	Other Information	
None
 
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PART III
 
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	
The information required by this Item concerning the Directors (and nominees for Directors) and Executive Officers of the Company will be set forth under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Directors of the Company,” “Information Regarding Board of Directors and Committees,” and “Executive Officers of the Company” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by this Item concerning the Company’s Audit Committee and the Audit Committee’s Financial Expert will be set forth under the caption “Information Regarding Board of Directors and Committees” and “Report of the Audit Committee” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference.
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to each of its directors and employees, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, controller and all other employees performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on the Company’s website at  www.landstar.com  under “Investor Relations — Corporate Governance.” The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendments to, or waivers from, a provision or provisions of the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct by posting such information on its website at the web address indicated above.
 
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	
The information required by this Item will be set forth under the captions “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation of Executive Officers,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Summary Compensation Table,” “Grants of Plan-Based Awards,” “Option Exercises and Stock Vested,” “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End,” “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation,” “Report of the Compensation Committee on Executive Compensation” and “Key Executive Employment Protection Agreements” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	
The information required by this Item pursuant to Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is set forth under the caption “Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in Part II, Item 5 of this report, and is incorporated by reference herein.
The information required by this Item pursuant to Item 403 of Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Security Ownership by Management and Others” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	
None, other than information required to be disclosed under this item in regard to Director Independence, which will be set forth under the caption “Independent Directors” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A and incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	
The information required by this item will be set forth under the caption “Report of the Audit Committee” and “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
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PART IV
 
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	
 
 	(a)(1)	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	

 	  	Page	 	
Consolidated Balance Sheets	  	 	32	 	
Consolidated Statements of Income	  	 	33	 	
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	  	 	34	 	
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	  	 	35	 	
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	  	 	36	 	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	 	37	 	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	  	 	51	 	
 
 	(2)	Financial Statement Schedules	
Financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto, or is not applicable or required.
 
 	(3)	Exhibits	

Exhibit
No.	  	Description	
 	 	
(3)	  	Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws:	
 	 	
    3.1	  	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated March 6, 2006, including Certificate of Designation of Junior Participating Preferred Stock dated February 10, 1993. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
    3.2	  	The Company’s Bylaws, as amended and restated on February 21, 2011. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 25, 2010 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
(4)	  	Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures:	
 	 	
    4.1	  	Specimen of Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-57174))	
 	 	
    4.2	  	Credit Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2016, among Landstar System Holdings, Inc., the Company, the lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent (including exhibits and schedules thereto). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 6, 2016 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
(10)	  	Material contracts:	
 	 	
  10.1+	  	Landstar System, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 12, 2012 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.2+	  	Amendment to the Landstar System, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, dated March 17, 2015, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 19, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.3+	  	Amendment to the Landstar System, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, dated December 2, 2015, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 26, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 
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  10.4+	  	Landstar System, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated as of January 1, 2015 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2014 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.5+	  	Amended and Restated Landstar System, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Option and Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on March 23, 2009 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.6+	  	Amendment to the Amended and Restated Landstar System, Inc. 2002 Employee Stock Option and Stock Incentive Plan, dated February 18, 2016, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 26, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.7+	  	Landstar System, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through December 2, 2015, (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 5, 2016 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.8+	  	Landstar System, Inc. Amended and Restated 2013 Directors Stock Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on April 5, 2016 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.9+	  	Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of the directors and Executive Officers of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2003 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.10+	  	Form of Key Executive Employment Protection Agreement between Landstar System, Inc. and each of the Executive Officers of the Company, in the form as amended as of December 26, 2015, (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 26, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
  10.11+	  	Total Shareholder Return Performance Related Stock Award Agreement, dated May 1, 2015, between Landstar System, Inc. and James B. Gattoni (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 19, 2015 (Commission File No. 0-21238))	
 	 	
(21)	  	Subsidiaries of the Registrant:	
 	 	
  21.1*	  	List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant	
 	 	
(23)	  	Consents of experts and counsel:	
 	 	
  23.1*	  	Consent of KPMG LLP as Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	
 	 	
(24)	  	Power of attorney:	
 	 	
  24.1*	  	Powers of Attorney	
 	 	
(31)	  	Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002:	
 	 	
  31.1*	  	Chief Executive Officer certification, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
  31.2*	  	Chief Financial Officer certification, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
(32)	  	Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002:	
 	 	
  32.1**	  	Chief Executive Officer certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
  32.2**	  	Chief Financial Officer certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
101*	  	The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
+	management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement	
*	Filed herewith.	
**	Furnished herewith.	
 
58

Table of Contents
THE COMPANY WILL FURNISH, WITHOUT CHARGE, TO ANY SHAREHOLDER OF THE COMPANY WHO SO REQUESTS IN WRITING, A COPY OF ANY EXHIBITS, AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. ANY SUCH REQUEST SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC., ATTENTION: INVESTOR RELATIONS, 13410 SUTTON PARK DRIVE SOUTH, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA 32224.
 
59

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 24, 2017	 	 	 	LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC.	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	By:	 	/s/ JAMES B. GATTONI	
 	 	 	 	 	 	James B. Gattoni	
 	 	 	 	 	 	President and	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	By:	 	/s/ L. KEVIN STOUT	
 	 	 	 	 	 	L. Kevin Stout	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	 	 	 	Title	 	Date	
 	 	 	 	
/s/ JAMES B. GATTONI	 	 	 	President and Chief Executive	 	February 24, 2017	
James B. Gattoni	 	 	 	Officer;	 	 	
 	 	 	 	Principal Executive Officer; Director	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
/s/ L. KEVIN STOUT	 	 	 	Vice President and Chief Financial	 	February 24, 2017	
L. Kevin Stout	 	 	 	Officer;
Principal Financial Officer and	 	 	
 	 	 	 	Principal Accounting Officer	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
*	 	 	 	Director	 	February 24, 2017	
Homaira Akbari	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
*	 	 	 	Director	 	February 24, 2017	
David G. Bannister	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
*	 	 	 	Director	 	February 24, 2017	
Michael A. Henning	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
*	 	 	 	Chairman of the Board	 	February 24, 2017	
Diana M. Murphy	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
*	 	 	 	Director	 	February 24, 2017	
Anthony J. Orlando	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
*	 	 	 	Director	 	February 24, 2017	
Larry J. Thoele	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	
By:	 	/s/ MICHAEL K. KNELLER	
 	 	Michael K. Kneller	
 	 	Attorney In Fact*	
 
60

Exhibit 21.1
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF LANDSTAR SYSTEM, INC.

Name	  	Jurisdiction of
Incorporation	 	  	% of Voting
Securities Owned	 	
Subsidiary of Landstar System, Inc.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar System Holdings, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Subsidiaries of Landstar System Holdings, Inc.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar Inway, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Landstar Global Logistics, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Landstar Ligon, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Landstar Ranger, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Risk Management Claim Services, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Also d/b/a RMCS, Inc. in Alabama and California	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar Transportation Logistics, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Also d/b/a Landstar Carrier Services, Inc.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar Contractor Financing, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Signature Insurance Company	  	 
 	Cayman Islands,
BWI	  
  	  	 	100	  	
Landstar Canada Holdings, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Subsidiary of Landstar Canada Holdings, Inc.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar Canada, Inc.	  	 	Ontario, Canada	  	  	 	100	  	
Also d/b/a Enterprise Landstar Canada in Quebec	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Subsidiary of Landstar Global Logistics, Inc.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar Express America, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Subsidiary of Landstar Ranger, Inc.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Landstar Gemini, Inc.	  	 	Delaware	  	  	 	100	  	
Also d/b/a Landstar Less Than Truck Load	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Also d/b/a Landstar LTL	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	

Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors
Landstar System, Inc.:
We consent to incorporation by reference in the registration statements (No. 333-190411, No. 333-68454, No. 333-68452 and No. 333-175890) on Form S-8 of Landstar System, Inc. of our reports dated February 24, 2017, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Landstar System, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, which reports appear in the December 31, 2016 annual report on Form 10-K of Landstar System, Inc.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Jacksonville, Florida
February 24, 2017
Certified Public Accountants

Exhibit 24.1
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Landstar System, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for fiscal year ended 12/31/16
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned does hereby make, constitute and appoint L. Kevin Stout and Michael K. Kneller, and each of them, with full power in each to act without the other, her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, in her name, place and stead to execute on her behalf, as an officer and/or director of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”), the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), and any and all other instruments which either of said attorneys-in-fact and agents deems necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Act, the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, giving and granting to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents as she might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, hereby ratifying and confirming all that her said attorneys-in-fact and agents or substitutes may or shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set her hand on the date indicated below.

/s/ Homaira Akbari	
Homaira Akbari	
 	
DATED: January 30, 2017	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
Landstar System, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for fiscal year ended 12/31/16
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned does hereby make, constitute and appoint L. Kevin Stout and Michael K. Kneller, and each of them, with full power in each to act without the other, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, in his name, place and stead to execute on his behalf, as an officer and/or director of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”), the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), and any and all other instruments which either of said attorneys-in-fact and agents deems necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Act, the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, giving and granting to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents as he might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, hereby ratifying and confirming all that his said attorneys-in-fact and agents or substitutes may or shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand on the date indicated below.

/s/ David G. Bannister	
David G. Bannister	
 	
DATED: January 30, 2017	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
Landstar System, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for fiscal year ended 12/31/16
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned does hereby make, constitute and appoint L. Kevin Stout and Michael K. Kneller, and each of them, with full power in each to act without the other, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, in his name, place and stead to execute on his behalf, as an officer and/or director of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”), the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), and any and all other instruments which either of said attorneys-in-fact and agents deems necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Act, the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, giving and granting to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents as he might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, hereby ratifying and confirming all that his said attorneys-in-fact and agents or substitutes may or shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand on the date indicated below.

/s/ Michael A. Henning	
Michael A. Henning	
 	
DATED: January 30, 2017	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
Landstar System, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for fiscal year ended 12/31/16
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned does hereby make, constitute and appoint L. Kevin Stout and Michael K. Kneller, and each of them, with full power in each to act without the other, her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, in her name, place and stead to execute on her behalf, as an officer and/or director of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”), the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), and any and all other instruments which either of said attorneys-in-fact and agents deems necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Act, the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, giving and granting to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents as she might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, hereby ratifying and confirming all that her said attorneys-in-fact and agents or substitutes may or shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set her hand on the date indicated below.

/s/ Diana M. Murphy	
Diana M. Murphy	
 	
DATED: January 30, 2017	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
Landstar System, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for fiscal year ended 12/31/16
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned does hereby make, constitute and appoint L. Kevin Stout and Michael K. Kneller, and each of them, with full power in each to act without the other, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, in his name, place and stead to execute on his behalf, as an officer and/or director of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”), the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), and any and all other instruments which either of said attorneys-in-fact and agents deems necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Act, the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, giving and granting to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents as he might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, hereby ratifying and confirming all that his said attorneys-in-fact and agents or substitutes may or shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand on the date indicated below.

/s/ Anthony J. Orlando	
Anthony J. Orlando	
 	
DATED: January 30, 2017	

POWER OF ATTORNEY
Landstar System, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for fiscal year ended 12/31/16
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned does hereby make, constitute and appoint L. Kevin Stout and Michael K. Kneller, and each of them, with full power in each to act without the other, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, in his name, place and stead to execute on his behalf, as an officer and/or director of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”), the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and file the same with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), and any and all other instruments which either of said attorneys-in-fact and agents deems necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the Act, the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, giving and granting to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever necessary or appropriate to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents as he might or could do if personally present at the doing thereof, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, hereby ratifying and confirming all that his said attorneys-in-fact and agents or substitutes may or shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has hereunto set his hand on the date indicated below.

/s/ Larry J. Thoele	
Larry J. Thoele	
 	
DATED: January 30, 2017	

EXHIBIT 31.1
SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION
I, James B. Gattoni, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Landstar System, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 24, 2017

/s/ James B. Gattoni	
James B. Gattoni	
President and Chief Executive Officer	

EXHIBIT 31.2
SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION
I, L. Kevin Stout, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Landstar System, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: February 24, 2017

/s/ L. Kevin Stout	
L. Kevin Stout	
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	

EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James B. Gattoni, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ James B. Gattoni	
James B. Gattoni	
President and Chief Executive Officer	
February 24, 2017

EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Landstar System, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, L. Kevin Stout, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ L. Kevin Stout	
L. Kevin Stout	
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
February 24, 2017